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autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanecol (class and application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention;

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2
Q

Bethanecol (class and action)

A

direct cholinomimetic; Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE

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3
Q

Carbachol (class and application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, glaucoma,

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4
Q

Carbachol (class and action)

A

direct cholinomimetic, activates ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to ACHE

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5
Q

pilocarpine (class, application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, glaucoma,

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6
Q

pilocarpine (class, action)

A

direct cholinomimetic, activates ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to ACHE

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7
Q

Neostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); postop and nuerogenic ileus and urinary retention, myesthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postop)

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8
Q

Neostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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9
Q

Pyridostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); myesthenia gravis

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10
Q

Pyridostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect chlinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach; increased strength

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11
Q

Edrophonium (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); dx of myesthenia gravis (very short acting)

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12
Q

Edrophonium (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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13
Q

Physostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); glaucoma (crosses BBB) and atropine overdose

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14
Q

Physostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anitcholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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15
Q

Echothiophate (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); glaucoma

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16
Q

Echothiophate (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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17
Q

Symptoms of Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

A

DUMB BELSS - Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating and Salivation (also abdominal cramping)

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18
Q

What are parathion and organophosphates?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors that are likely to poison you

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19
Q

What is the antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?

A

atropine (muscarinic antag) plus pralidoxime (chem antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)

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20
Q

Atropine (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker (muscarinic antag); Eye, produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

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21
Q

tropicamide (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Eye, produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

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22
Q

Benztropine (class, site of action, application)

A

cholinoreceptor blocker; CNS; Parkinson’s

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23
Q

Scopolamine (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; CNS; Motion Sickness

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24
Q

Ipratropium (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Respiratory; Asthma, COPD

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25
Methscopolamine (class, site of action, application)
Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
26
oxbutin (class, site of action, application)
Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
27
Glycopyrrolate (class, site of action, application)
Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
28
Actions of Atropine
Blocks SLUD (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation) also pupil dilation and cycloplegia
29
ADR of Atropine
hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter. Also rapid pulse, constipation. Can cause glaucoma in elderly, urinary retention in BPH pts, and hyperthermia in infants
30
Hexamethonium (MOA and application)
Nicotinic Ach receptor antagonist; ganglionic blocker, prevents vagal reflex responses to changes in BP (for experimental models)
31
Epinephrine (class, selectivity, applications)
catecholamine, direct general agonist (a1, a2, b1, b2), anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension
32
NE (class, selectivity, applications)
catecholamine, a1, a2, b1; hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion)
33
Isoproterenol (class, selectivity, applications)
catecholamine, b1 = b2; AV block (rare)
34
Dopamine (class, selectivity, applications)
catecholamine, D1 = D2 > b > a, shock (increased renal perfusion), heart failure
35
Dobutamine (class, selectivity, applications)
catecholamine, b1 > b2, shock, heart failure
36
Amphetamine (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (releases stored catecholamines); narcolepsy, obesity, ADD
37
Ephedrine (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (releases stored catecholamines); nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension
38
Phenylephrine (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, a1 > a2, pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion
39
Albuterol (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, b2 > b1, asthma
40
Terbutaline (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, b2 > b1, asthma
41
Cocaine (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (uptake inhibitor), causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia
42
Clonidine (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, centrally acting a-agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow; hypertension, especially with renal dz (no decreas in renal perfusion)
43
a-methyldopa (class, selectivity, applications)
sympathomimetic, centrally acting a-agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow; hypertension, especially with renal dz (no decreas in renal perfusion)
44
Phenoxybenzamine (class, application, toxicity)
nonselective, irreversible a-blocker, pheochromocytoma; tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
45
Phentolamine (class, application, toxicity)
nonselective, reversible a-blocker; pheochromocytoma, tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
46
Prazosin (class, application, toxicity)
a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
47
Terazosin (class, application, toxicity)
a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
48
Doxazosin (class, application, toxicity)
a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
49
Mirtazapine (class, application, toxicity)
a2 blocker; Depression; tox: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite
50
How do beta blockers work to treat HTN?
decreased cardiac output, decreased renin secretion
51
How do beta blockers work to treat angina?
decreased HR and CTY, resulting in decreased O2 consumption
52
How do beta blockers work to treat MI?
beta blockers decrease mortality
53
How do beta blockers work to treat SVT? Which ones?
decreased AV conduction velocity (propanolol, esmolol)
54
How do beta blockers work to treat CHF?
slows progression of chronic failure
55
How do beta blockers work to treat glaucoma (which one)?
decreased secretion of aqueous humor (timolol)
56
What are the toxicities of beta blockers?
impotence, exacerbation of asthma, CV (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS (sedation, sleep alterations), use w/caution in DM
57
Which beta blockers are partial agonsists?
pindolol, labetolol
58
Which beta blockers are b1 selective?
A BEAM (Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol
59
MOA of Epi for glaucoma? Side effects?
a-agonist, increased outflow of aqueous humor; ADR: mydriasis, stinging, NOT FOR CLOSED ANGLE
60
MOA of Brimonidine for glaucoma? Side effects?
a-agonist, decreased aqueous humor synth; no visual adr
61
MOA of beta blockers in glaucoma? Side effects?
decreased aqueous humor secretion; no visual adr
62
MOA of acetazolamide for glaucoma? Adr?
decreased aqueous humor secretion due to decreased HCO3- (via CA inhibition); no visual adr
63
MOA of cholinomimetics for glaucoma? Adr? (name some)
increased outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular network; ADR: miosis, cyclospasm (pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate)
64
MOA of latanoprost in glaucoma? Adr?
PGF2alpha agonist, increases outflow of aqueous humor; ADR: darkens color of iris

John Step 1 (7 decks)

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