Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards
fight, fright or flight sympathetic stimulation heart rate - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ feel cold - shunt blood to \_\_\_\_\_\_ breathing - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of bronchi pupils \_\_\_\_\_ - enhance visual acuity \_\_\_\_ mouth mobilize body's stored \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ metabolic: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and increased \_\_\_\_ -blood vessels: \_\_\_\_\_\_ in skin/mucosa
increases muscles dilation dilate dry energy glycogenolysis BMR constriction
sympathetic nervous system
- ________, _______. ________ & _______
- catecholamines
- synthesized in _____ tissues
- stored in _______ vesicles
- epinephrine = _________
- secreted from ________
epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, & dopamine neural synaptic adrenaline adrenal gland
adrenergic receptors receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine two types of receptors: \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ - presynaptic
_____
__
__
what is an alpha 2 stimulant?? and what would it do
-used when beta blockers arent working
alpha a1 a2 beta b1 b2 clonidine decrease blood pressure
adrenergic agonists
agonists
-mimic the action of ___
-sympathomimetics
-stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ receptors clinical applications -shock - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -cardiovascular - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; \_\_\_\_; \_\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
NE adrenergic anaphylaxis bradycardia; hypotension; CHF; cardiac arrest asthma
adrenergic agonists two types: 1. catecholamines -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. noncatecholamines -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(derivative of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_) - increase blood pressure -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
_______ is ephedrine which is a __ stimulant found in nasal passages which cause them to constrict
norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine serotonin ephedrine amphetamine ephedrine phenylephrine neo-synephrine
adrenergic agonists
- Catecholamines
- _________ is prototype
- drug of choice to relieve _______
- ________ edema in anaphylactic shock
- _______
- used in ________
- metabolized by BOTH _____ and ____
- not given PO: destroyed by __/__ enzymes
epinephrine bronchospasm laryngeal cardiac arrest hypovolemic shock COMT and MAO GI/Liver enzymes
adrenergic agonists
- non-catecholamines
- ______, ______, _______
- metabolized slowly by ___ and NOT inactivated by ____
- _____ half lives
- can be given _____
- crosses BBB - centrally _____
- ephedrine available ___
ephedrine, phenylephrine, terbutaline MAO, COMT longer orally active OTC
inactivating enzymes
- rapid metabolism by
- _______ (___)
- present in liver; intestinal and __synaptic nerve endings
- ______________ (___)
- present in liver; intestinal wall and ___synaptic nerve endings
- ORAL administration is _______ (enzyme present in intestinal wall)
- _______ requires slow infusion, subcutateous or intramuscular
monoamine oxidase (MAO) pre catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) post ineffective dopamine
adrenergic agonists: pharmacological actions -CNS: \_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_ -CVS: increased \_\_\_\_\_, increased \_\_\_ -vasoconstriction: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -eye: \_\_\_\_\_\_/decreased \_\_\_ respiratory: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ metabolic: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and increased \_\_\_\_ blood vessels: constriction in \_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_
excitement, stimulation, anxiety heart rate, BP epinephrine mydriasis, IOP bronchodilatation glycogenolysis, BMR skin, mucosa
adrenergic agonists - clinical uses
beta 1 receptor (heart)
clinical application - mainly on heart
-_______ - ______ to “kick start” a stopped heart, use when all other methods have failed
-____ failure - b1 receptor activation results in a positive _____ effect (force of contraction); thus improved cardiac performance
- shock (profound ________; tissue ______)
-may cause ________ (excessive heart rate)
-may cause _______ (irregular heartbeat
cardiac arrest epinephrine heart failure inotropic hypotension, perfusion tachycardia dysrrythmias
adrenergic agonist - clinical uses beta 2 receptor (lungs & uterus) -activated by -\_\_\_\_\_\_; albuterol (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) clinical application -asthma - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_): drug of choice for asthma delay \_\_\_\_\_ labor -b2 receptor activation relaxes uterine smooth muscle (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
epinephrine selective agonist bronchodilatation albuterol, ventolin preterm isoproterenol
pharmacological effects
cardiovascular system - heart
-mainly __ receptors, some __ and _ effects
beta receptor activation
-increased ______ influx in cardiac cells
-increased _______ activity, positive ______ effect
-increased in conduction velocity in __ node, positive ______ effect
-increased ______ contractility, positive _____ effect
b1, b2, a calcium pacemaker, chronotropic AV Dromotropic intrinsic lnotropic
pharmacological effects
eye
-__ receptors activate _________ dilator muscles of the iris
-receptor activation causes _______
-_ agonists increase the outflow of _________ from the eye
-__ antagonists decrease the production of aqueous uhmor
a radial pupillary mydriasis aqueous humor b
pharmalogical effects
respiratory tract
-__ receptors on bronchial smooth muscle
-activation cause _______
-__ agonists: _______ (ventolin)
-upper resp tract mucosa contain ___ receptors
-stimulation causes _______ action of ______
b2 relaxation b albuterol a1 decongestant andrenoceptors
pharmalogical effects
gastrointestinal tract
b receptors - activation causes relaxation via _______ and decreased ____ activity in these cells
a2- selective agonists
-decrease muscle activity _____ by reducing the release of _______ and possibly other stimulants in the GIT
hyperpolarization
spike
indirectly
acetylcholine
exocrine glands
- salivary glands contains _____ that regulate the secretion of _____ and ___
- decreased _______/_____
- _______ sweat glands respond to adrenoceptor stimulants with _____ sweat production
adrenoceptors amylase, water salivation/xerostomia apocrine increased
