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PHARMACOLOGY > Autonomic pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic =

A

cholinergic

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2
Q

Sympathetic =

A

adrenergic

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3
Q

-is the predominance of one division over the other is called ??

A

state of tomus

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4
Q

Sympathetic tone maintains ??

A

systemic blood pressure

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5
Q

Parasympathetic tone maintains ??

A

gut motility

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6
Q

is the major neurotransmitter at the postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division.

A

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

Postganglionic fibers are called ??

A

adrenergic fibers.

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8
Q

Norepinephrine is also called ???

A

noradrenaline.

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9
Q

is the transmitter released at the peripheral motor portions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

2 cholinergic receptors:

A
  1. Muscarinic receptors
  2. Nicotinic effects
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11
Q

include effects of acetylcholine on the?

A
  1. glands
  2. smooth muscle
  3. cardiac muscle
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12
Q

in glands acetylcholine does?

A

increased secretions

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13
Q

in smooth muscle acetylcholine does?

A

enhance contraction

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14
Q

in cardiac muscle acetylcholine doees?

A

depressed activity

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15
Q

Nicotinic effects include the action of acetylcholine of the:

A
  1. parasympathetic
  2. sympathetic ganglia
  3. neuroeffector junctions
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16
Q

this increased skeletal muscle concentration

A

neuroeffector junctions

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17
Q

– a poisonous substance in certain species of mushrooms

A

muscarine

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18
Q

-a substance derived from tobacco.

A

nicotine

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19
Q

Cholinergic drugs are also called?

A

parasympathomimetics or cholinomimetics.

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20
Q

ganglion blockers example:

A

Hexamethonium

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21
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor example:

A

Hemicholinium

22
Q

Anticholinergics are also called?

A

parasympatholytics

23
Q

– stimulates both alpha and beta receptors

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

24
Q

-mainly an alpha stimulant

A

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

25
Q

-an alpha stimulant

A

Phenylephrine

26
Q

– beta stimulant

A

Isoproterenol

27
Q

vasocondtriction prolongs effect of local
anesthetic

A

Adjunct to local anesthesia

28
Q

epistaxis in horses

A

Hemostatic

29
Q

expansion of the lumina of the passages of the lungs.

A

Bronchodilator

30
Q

this _______are still best for shock

A

corticosteroids

31
Q

is the drug of choice to relieve the symptoms of an acute hypersensitivity reaction to allergens.

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

rapidly relieves itching and urticaria, may
save the life of the patient when laryngeal edema threatens suffocation.

A

Subcutaneous administration

33
Q

is responsive to antihistamines, but epinephrine is necessary in the event of a severe reaction

A

Angioedema

34
Q

secretes epinephrine in response to administration of nicotine.

A

Adrenal medulla

35
Q

_______ in the mammalian body is located within the CNS, especially in the pineal gland and hypothalamus.

A

2% of the total serotonin

36
Q

of the intestine contain about 90% of this endogenously produced amine chemically known as 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in serum
and in the enterochromaffin cells resulted in the naming of the amine as
serotonin and enteramine.

A

Enterochromaffin cells

37
Q

exert several metabolic effects, including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

A

Catecholamines

38
Q

is caused by inhibition of glucose synthase, which uses glucose to make glycogen, and by stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase, which converts glycogen back to glucose

A

Hyperglycemia

39
Q

are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors.

A

Organophosphates (OP)

40
Q

the most important antidote to the effects of OP is?

A

Atrophine

41
Q

is clinically useful only during the early stages of
poisoning.

A

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

42
Q

should not be given to animals poisoned with OP

A
  1. Phenothiazine tranquilizers
  2. opiates
43
Q

animals that are especially resistant to the effects of atropine because of
the presence of a high concentration of atropinase.

A

Goats & rabbits

44
Q

in autonomic nervous system, the fibers are called?

A

cholinergic fibers

45
Q
A
45
Q

Drugs in autonomic nervous system

A

zoletil

45
Q

a sterile glass or plastic test tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube, facilitating the drawing of a predetermined volume of liquid.

A

vacutainers

45
Q

proper term for anesthesia?

A

anesthetic drugs

46
Q

2 drugs before zolitel?

A
  1. ketamine
  2. Etomidate
47
Q

common anesthetic

A

Cyclazine

48
Q

common local anesthetic for specific organ (castration & bunot sa teeth)

A

lydocaine

PHARMACOLOGY (3 decks)

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