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PHARMACOLOGY > ANESTHETIC & ANESTHESIA > Flashcards

ANESTHETIC & ANESTHESIA Flashcards

1
Q

applied to the nerve terminals or nerve fibers prevent conduction of both sensory and motor impulses in axons and dendrites.

A

local anesthesia

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2
Q
  • first discovered local anesthesia
A

cocaine

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3
Q

characterized by reversible loss of perception of pain or other motor response to stimuli in a local or regional part of the body and is not accompanied by loss of consciousness

A

Local or regional anesthesia-

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4
Q

refers to peripheral nerve block, spinal and epidural anesthesia.

A

Regional anesthesia

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5
Q

drugs work by blocking nerve conduction in the vicinity of their application, leading to a reversible loss of sensation.

A

Amino ester agents

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6
Q

surface anesthetic, abused drug

A

cocaine

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7
Q

most versatile, high potency, rapid onset, moderate duration of action

A

lidocaine

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8
Q

– slow onset, long duration

A

bupivacane

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9
Q

Agents restricted to ophthalmological use

A
  1. Benoxinate
  2. Proparacaine
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10
Q

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the ?

A

nerve cell, or neuron

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11
Q

Parts of the neuron:

A
  1. cell body
  2. Dendrite tree
  3. Axon
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12
Q

Its mechanisms are considered important in the control of sleep and wakefulness. It is
also important in the control of mood and emotional behavior temperature

A

Norepinephrine:

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13
Q
  • has a role as a precursor in the synthesis of norepinephrine.
A

Dopamine

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14
Q
  • CNS regulatory functions include appetite control.
  • functions are control of sleep and wakefulness, mood and emotion, and temperature
A

Serotonin

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15
Q

Serotonin is also known as

A

5 – hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

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16
Q
  • has a major role in the control of spinal and cerebral reflexes.
  • It is considered as the major inhibitory transmitter in the CNS and it is involved in the
    conduction of convulsions and may also be important in anxiety states.
A

GABA

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17
Q

produced is larger than the ultimate transmitter and biologically
inactive. They are present in smaller quantities and far more potent.

A

prohormone

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18
Q

is the property known to correlate best with potency of inhalant anesthetic.

A

Lipid solubility

19
Q

are hydrophobic. It is theorized that these anesthetics act in the cell
membrane lipid layer

A

Inhalation anesthetics

20
Q

are frequently administered to
produce a calming effect.

A

Tranquilizers “ ataractics or neuroleptics”

21
Q

less frequently used but better cardiovascular stability than phenothiazine

A

Butyrophenones

22
Q

cause a dose dependent spectrum of CNS depression, sedation, sleep,
anesthesia, coma, and death.

A

Hypnotic-sedatives

23
Q

Patients with preexisting preoperative pain or who will painful diagnostic or
therapeutic procedure before anesthetic induction are likely candidates for

A

opioid preanesthetic medication

24
Q

A wide margin of safety in otherwise healthy animals is of special benefit under
conditions of limited patient control.

A

Catamites

25
Q

improves the reliability of the sedative properties of either drug used alone
without adding further vital organ depression

A

= tiletamine+ zolazepam

26
Q

Reliable sedation and potent analgesia with limited vital organ depression

A

fentanyl + droperidol

27
Q

is commonly an unwanted effect.

A

Bradycardia

28
Q

Induction or stage of voluntary excitement

A

Stage I

29
Q

Stage of involuntary excitement

A

Stage II

30
Q

Surgical anesthesia

A

Stage III

31
Q

Overdose

A

Stage 4

32
Q

any substance which temporarily abolishes the sensation of pain.

A

Analgesic agent

33
Q

any substance which produces insensibility from which simple stimuli produce a temporary arousal.

A

Narcotic

34
Q

narcotic agent used to induce sleep; a taste which may be considered physiological and from which the subject can be easily aroused by a wide variety of
stimuli

A

Hypnotic

35
Q

– a narcotic agent which is used to calm a nervous, vicious or excited subject.
Most sedatives cause drowsiness.

A

Sedative

36
Q

a substance which produces sedation without at the same time causing drowsiness

A

Ataractic or tranquilizer –

37
Q

– a tranquilizer used in human beings in the treatment of psychoses

A

Neuroleptic

38
Q

– a substance which produces in human beings a feeling of dissociation from surroundings, unconsciousness, catalepsy, vivid dreams and
analgesia

A

Dissociative agent

39
Q

is the drug of choice for the control of seizures in dogs and cats

A

Phenobarbital

40
Q

is a good choice for control seizures in cats, but not for dogs,

A

Diazepam

41
Q

is toxic to cats.

A

Primidone

42
Q

is also known as diphenylhydantoin

A

Phenytoin

43
Q

as a gas anesthetic is colorless with an unpleasant smell. It is not
inflammable or explosive but can support convulsion even in the absence of free
oxygen.

A

Nitrous oxide

44
Q

may cause hepatic dysfunction

A

Halothane

PHARMACOLOGY (3 decks)

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