autonomic pharmacology 1

Question 1

which neervous system has both central and perihperal components

Answer 1

autonomic

Question 2

function of ans

Answer 2

mediates output from the CNS to the whole body except skeletal muscle as its voluntary

Question 3

what does the ANS regulate

Answer 3

functions essential to human life that dont require conscious effort
contraction and relaxation of vascular and visceral smooth muscle
the heartbeat (including rate and force)
all exocrine and certain endocrine secretions
aspects of metabolism (particularly in liver and skeletal muscle)
modulation of the processes of the immune system

Question 4

what is the ANS subdivided into

Answer 4

para and sympathetic and enteric

Question 5

sympathetic ANS

Answer 5

Fight or flight

Question 5

what does the motor ANS component comprise of

Answer 5

preganglionic and postganglionic fibres

Question 6

parasympathetic

Answer 6

rest and digest

Question 7

sympathetic transmitters

Answer 7

ach at pre and noradrenaline at post

Question 8

parasympathetic transmitters

Answer 8

ach at both

Question 9

receptors of noradrenaline

Answer 9

adrenoceptors

Question 10

receptors of ach

Answer 10

cholinoceptors

Question 11

first step of pathwya of action potential originating in CNS (sympa)

Answer 11

Travels to presynaptic terminal on preganglionic neuron
triggers Ca2+ entry
release of Ach by exocytosis

Question 12

what is Ca2+ entried through

Answer 12

voltage gated calcium selective ion channels

Question 13

second step of AP in CNS (sympa)

Answer 13

Ach binds to and opens ligand gated ion channels in postganglionic neurone
causes depolarization
APS propagate to presynaptic terminal of neurone
trigger Ca2+ entry
release of noradrenaline

Question 14

last step of chemical transmission in ANS (sympa)

Answer 14

noradrenaline activates G protein coupled adrenoceptors in effector cell membrane to cause a cellular response via ion channels/ enzymes

Question 15

difference in AP conduction in parasympathetic

Answer 15

Ach us always the transmitter at postganglionic neurones
activates g protein coupled muscarinic acetylchoine receptors in effector cell to cause cellular response via iion channels/ enzymes

Question 16

non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission in sympathetic fibres

Answer 16

ATP and neuropeptide y (NPY)

Question 17

non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission from parasympathetic fibres

Answer 17

nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide

Question 18

are Ach and NA co released with a NANC co transmitter?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

agonist of cholinoceptors that are nicotinic or muscarinic

Answer 19

Acetylcholline

Question 20

nicotinic ach receptors

Answer 20

ligand gated ion channels
activated by the plant alkaloid, nicotine

Question 21

muscarinic ach receptors of effector cell

Answer 21

GPCRS
activated by plant alkaloid, muscarine

Question 22

subtypes of muscarinic GPCRS

Answer 22

m1-5

Question 23

most important subtypes in ANS

Answer 23

m1-3

Question 24

endogenous agonists of GPCRS

Answer 24

NA and Ach

Question 25

action of a1

Answer 25

vasoconstriction

Question 26

action of a2

Answer 26

GI relaxation

Question 27

action of b1

Answer 27

increases heart rate and force of contraction in atria and ventricles

Question 28

action of b2

Answer 28

bronchodilation

Question 29

action of b3

Answer 29

thermogenesis in skeletal muscle

Question 30

which muscarinic cholinoceptors decraese heart rate and force in atria

Answer 30

m2

Question 31

which m constricts bronchi, stimulates mucus production and increses intestinal motility

Answer 31

m3

Question 32

which m contracts wall of bladder

Answer 32

m3

Question 33

where do efferent signals travel

Answer 33

the body apart form skeletal musclee

Question 34

where do afferent signals travel

Answer 34

to brain