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PHTH 561 - Pharm > Autonomic Pharm > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the various neurotransmitters involved in the nervous system?

A

ACh
NE

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2
Q

What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the heart?

A

SNS - HR increases

PNS - HR decreases

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3
Q

What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the eyes?

A

SNS - pupil dilation

PNS - pupil constriction

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4
Q

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the salivary glands?

A

SNS - inhibits salivation

PNS - stimulates salivation

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5
Q

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the bronchioles?

A

SNS - relaxes

PNS - constricts

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6
Q

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the urinary bladder?

A

SNS - relaxes bladder

PNS - contracts bladder

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7
Q

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the digestive system?

A

SNS - inhibits digestive activity

PNS - stimulates digestive activity

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8
Q

What are the two cholinergic receptors?

A

Ach binds to these

  1. Nicotinic
  2. Muscarinic

Nicotinic - respond to nicotine and acetylcholine

Muscarinic - respond to muscarine and acetylcholine

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9
Q

What are the effects of Ach at nicotinic receptors?

A

Stimulatory

Found in:
- motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells
- all ganglionic neurons
- hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla

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10
Q

What are the effects of ACh at muscarinic receptors?

A
  • be either inhibitory or excitatory
  • depends on the receptor type of the targeted organ
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11
Q

What are the two types adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha and beta

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12
Q

What does the effect of NE depend on regarding adrenergic receptors?

A

on which subclass of receptor predominates on the target organ

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13
Q

What are the direct acting cholinergic agonist?

A

bethaneochol
pilocarpine
methacholine
carbachol

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14
Q

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for alzheimers?

A

doneprizel
rivastigmine
Galantamine

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15
Q

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for myasthenia gravis?

A

neostigmine
pyridostigmine
edrophonium
ambenonium

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16
Q

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for glaucoma?

A

physostigmine
echotriopate

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17
Q

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of bethanechol?

A

abdominal discomfort
urinary urgency
flushing of skin
brochial constriction
asthma attacks

18
Q

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of pilocarpine?

A

Blurred vision
eye irritation
decreased night vision
headache
increased sweating and salivation

Teat dryness of the mouth and throat due to decrease in the amount of saliva that may occur after radiation treatment for cancer

19
Q

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of methacholine?

A

allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives
swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
breathing problems.

20
Q

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of carbachol?

A

blurry vision
flushing
stomach pain
headache
tightness in the bladder

mimics the actions of acetylcholine in the body

21
Q

Direct-acting

What the mechanism of action for bethanechol?

A

targets the muscrinic
= increases tonicity in the detrusor muscle and stimulating gastric mobility

taken to treat certain disorders of the urinary tract or bladder

22
Q

Direct-acting

What is the mechanism of action for pilocarpine?

A

targets the muscarinic receptor
= decreasing the fluid in the eye > decreased eye pressure

treating glaucoma

23
Q

Direct acting

What is the mechanism of action for metacholide?

A

binding to muscarinic receptor = causing brochoconstriction which helps diagnose asthma

24
Q

Direct-acting

What is the mechanism of action for carbachol?

A

activate muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors = to treat glaucoma

25
Q

What are the common adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?

A

Diarrhea
Urination
Muscle weakness (miosis)
Bronchorrea
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation

DUMBBELS
- from a video

26
Q

What are the names of anti-cholinergic drugs?

Picture because you know why

Also their mechanism of action and clinical use

A
27
Q

Adrenergic

What are some alpha-1 selective agonist drugs?

Has MOA and drugs on a picture

A

Mechanism of action: binding to and activating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

28
Q

Adrenergic

What are the adverse effects of alpha 1 agonist?

A
  • increased BP
  • headaches
  • slower HR (because of reflex brady)
29
Q

Adrenergic

What are some alpha-2 selective agonist drugs?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

Mechanism of action: stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the CNS

30
Q

Adrenergic

What are the adverse effects of alpha-2 selective agonist?

A

Dizziness
drowsiness
dry mouth

31
Q

Adrenergic

What are some beta-1 selective drugs?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

MOA: binding to receptors in the heart = faster HR and pumping with more force

32
Q

Adrenergic

What are adverse effects of beta-1 selective agonist?

A

Chest pain
cardiac arrhythmias
SOB

33
Q

Adrenergic

What are some beta-2 selective agonist?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

MOA: binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) in airway smooth muscle cells and relaxing them

34
Q

Adrenergic

What are the adverse effects of beta-2 selective agonist?

A

Nervousness
restlessness
trembling

35
Q

non-selective adrenergic

What are some non-selective adrenergic drugs?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

MOA: these are drugs with mixed alpha- and beta-agonist activity

36
Q

Adrenergic

What are some alpha-1 selective antagonist drugs?

Has MOA and drugs in picture

A

MOA: prevents norepinephrine (NE) from activating alpha-1 receptors = vasodilation and lower BP

the -osin

37
Q

Adrenergic

What are the adverse effects of alpha-1 selective antagonist?

A

reflex tachycardia
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness

38
Q

Adrenergic antagonist

What are some beta-1 selective antagonists drugs?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

MOA: binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle

All the olol

39
Q

Adrenergic antagonist

What are some non-selective blocker drugs?

Has MOA and drugs are picture

A

MOA: blocking all beta receptors

40
Q

What are the adverse effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists?

A

bronchoconstriction
increase in airway resistance (cuz beta 2 antagonism)
bradycardia
dizziness
depression
lethargic

41
Q

Summary of autonomic pharm

Chart that has everything for autonomic

A

PHTH 561 - Pharm (6 decks)

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