Autonomic Pharm Flashcards
What are the various neurotransmitters involved in the nervous system?
ACh
NE
What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the heart?
SNS - HR increases
PNS - HR decreases
What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the eyes?
SNS - pupil dilation
PNS - pupil constriction
What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the salivary glands?
SNS - inhibits salivation
PNS - stimulates salivation
What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the bronchioles?
SNS - relaxes
PNS - constricts
What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the urinary bladder?
SNS - relaxes bladder
PNS - contracts bladder
What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the digestive system?
SNS - inhibits digestive activity
PNS - stimulates digestive activity
What are the two cholinergic receptors?
Ach binds to these
- Nicotinic
- Muscarinic
Nicotinic - respond to nicotine and acetylcholine
Muscarinic - respond to muscarine and acetylcholine
What are the effects of Ach at nicotinic receptors?
Stimulatory
Found in:
- motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells
- all ganglionic neurons
- hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla
What are the effects of ACh at muscarinic receptors?
- be either inhibitory or excitatory
- depends on the receptor type of the targeted organ
What are the two types adrenergic receptors?
alpha and beta
What does the effect of NE depend on regarding adrenergic receptors?
on which subclass of receptor predominates on the target organ
What are the direct acting cholinergic agonist?
bethaneochol
pilocarpine
methacholine
carbachol
What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for alzheimers?
doneprizel
rivastigmine
Galantamine
What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for myasthenia gravis?
neostigmine
pyridostigmine
edrophonium
ambenonium
What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for glaucoma?
physostigmine
echotriopate
Direct-acting
What are the adverse reactions of bethanechol?
abdominal discomfort
urinary urgency
flushing of skin
brochial constriction
asthma attacks
Direct-acting
What are the adverse reactions of pilocarpine?
Blurred vision
eye irritation
decreased night vision
headache
increased sweating and salivation
Teat dryness of the mouth and throat due to decrease in the amount of saliva that may occur after radiation treatment for cancer
Direct-acting
What are the adverse reactions of methacholine?
allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives
swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
breathing problems.
Direct-acting
What are the adverse reactions of carbachol?
blurry vision
flushing
stomach pain
headache
tightness in the bladder
mimics the actions of acetylcholine in the body
Direct-acting
What the mechanism of action for bethanechol?
targets the muscrinic
= increases tonicity in the detrusor muscle and stimulating gastric mobility
taken to treat certain disorders of the urinary tract or bladder
Direct-acting
What is the mechanism of action for pilocarpine?
targets the muscarinic receptor
= decreasing the fluid in the eye > decreased eye pressure
treating glaucoma
Direct acting
What is the mechanism of action for metacholide?
binding to muscarinic receptor = causing brochoconstriction which helps diagnose asthma
Direct-acting
What is the mechanism of action for carbachol?
activate muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors = to treat glaucoma
What are the common adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?
Diarrhea
Urination
Muscle weakness (miosis)
Bronchorrea
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
DUMBBELS
- from a video
What are the names of anti-cholinergic drugs?
Picture because you know why
Also their mechanism of action and clinical use
Adrenergic
What are some alpha-1 selective agonist drugs?
Has MOA and drugs on a picture
Mechanism of action: binding to and activating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
Adrenergic
What are the adverse effects of alpha 1 agonist?
- increased BP
- headaches
- slower HR (because of reflex brady)
Adrenergic
What are some alpha-2 selective agonist drugs?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
Mechanism of action: stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the CNS
Adrenergic
What are the adverse effects of alpha-2 selective agonist?
Dizziness
drowsiness
dry mouth
Adrenergic
What are some beta-1 selective drugs?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
MOA: binding to receptors in the heart = faster HR and pumping with more force
Adrenergic
What are adverse effects of beta-1 selective agonist?
Chest pain
cardiac arrhythmias
SOB
Adrenergic
What are some beta-2 selective agonist?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
MOA: binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) in airway smooth muscle cells and relaxing them
Adrenergic
What are the adverse effects of beta-2 selective agonist?
Nervousness
restlessness
trembling
non-selective adrenergic
What are some non-selective adrenergic drugs?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
MOA: these are drugs with mixed alpha- and beta-agonist activity
Adrenergic
What are some alpha-1 selective antagonist drugs?
Has MOA and drugs in picture
MOA: prevents norepinephrine (NE) from activating alpha-1 receptors = vasodilation and lower BP
the -osin
Adrenergic
What are the adverse effects of alpha-1 selective antagonist?
reflex tachycardia
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness
Adrenergic antagonist
What are some beta-1 selective antagonists drugs?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
MOA: binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle
All the olol
Adrenergic antagonist
What are some non-selective blocker drugs?
Has MOA and drugs are picture
MOA: blocking all beta receptors
What are the adverse effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists?
bronchoconstriction
increase in airway resistance (cuz beta 2 antagonism)
bradycardia
dizziness
depression
lethargic
Summary of autonomic pharm
Chart that has everything for autonomic
