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PHTH 561 - Pharm > Arthritis and Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Arthritis and Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between RA and OA?

Picture :(((

A
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2
Q

What is the first line treatment for pain relief in OA?

A

Acetaminophen (paracetamol)

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3
Q

What are the tradional DMARDS?

A picture of a chart cuz this hoe is A LOT

It also includes mechanism of action and adverse effects

A
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4
Q

What are the biological DMARDs?

A picture because this HOE is packed

includes mechanism of action and adverse effects

A

TNF - tumor necrosis factor which is a inflammatory mediator for RA

Inhibit TNF = decrease RA sx

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5
Q

What is osteoporosis?

The pathological changes that affect osteoporosis

A

A bone disease that shows the decrease in bone density = increased risk of fractures

bones has more holes and less dense

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6
Q

What is the effect of para-thyroid hormone on the bone?

A

Promotes bone resorption by stimulating the osteoclasts

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7
Q

What is the importance of the parathyroid hormone?

A

important stimulator for renal production of the active metabolite of vitamin D and calcitriol

enhances renal retention of Ca2+

promotes renal phosphate excretion

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8
Q

What are the effects of calcium on bone?

A

the principle regulator of PTH secretion

It binds to the Ca sensing receptors on the parathyroid gland to regulate PTH secretion

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9
Q

What is the effects of excess PTH?

A

it increases bone resoption

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10
Q

What is the ideal doses to increase bone formation?

A

PTH in a low and intermittent doses

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11
Q

What is the role of vitamin D in the bone?

A

Stimulates intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and phosphate

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12
Q

What is the effects of calcitonin on the bone?

A

Lowers blood levels of Ca2+ and phosphate to inhibit osteoclast activity

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bisphosphonates?

A

binding to the hydroxyapatite
= preventing osteoclast activity (Inhibits bone resorption)

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of selective estrogen receptor modulators?

A
  • mimics estrogen in the bone
  • reducing bone resorption without stimulating breast or urine tissues
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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for denosumab?

A

binds and inhibits RANKL
reduces osteoclast formation, function and survival

RANKL = protein that has a role in bone metabolism and immune system

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of calcitonin?

A

decreases blood calcium levels
= inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for teriparatide?

A

stimulates osteoblast activity
= promotes bone formation

18
Q

What are the common medications of bisphosphonates?

A

alendronate
resedronate
ibandronate
zoledronic

19
Q

What are the common medications of selective estrogen receptor modulators?

A

Raloxifene (evista)

19
Q

What are the common side effects of bisphosphonates?

A

Gi distrubances
osteonecrosis of the jaw
femur fractures

20
Q

What are the common side effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators?

A

hot flashes
leg cramps
increased risk of DVT

20
Q

What are the common side effects of calcitronin?

A

nasal irritation (because of the nasal spray)
hot flashes

21
Q

What is the common side effects of teriparatide?

A

leg cramps
dizziness
nausea

22
Q

What are the common side effects of monoclonal antibodies?

A

skin reaction @ injection site
osteonecrosis @ jaw
hypocalcemia

PHTH 561 - Pharm (6 decks)

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