Autonomic NS Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic and somatic nervous system
Is the autonomic NS automatic or voluntary?
Automatic
Where on the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibers leave from?
The brain and sacral region
Where on the spinal cord do sympathetic fibers leave from?
The thoracic and lumbar regions
Are the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems normally one or two neuron systems?
Two neuron systems
How does the speed of action potential vary between somatic and autonomic nerves?
Autonomic is slightly slower to due lightly myelinated or unmyelinated nerves
What type of neurons does the somatic nervous system use?
Cholinergic
What neurotransmitter do somatic nerves use? What receptor?
ACh and nicotinic type 1 receptors
What type of nerve fibers does the parasympathetic nervous system use?
Cholinergic
What neurotransmitter does the preganglionic nerve release in the parasympathetic nervous system? What receptor is used?
Preganglionic releases ACh which binds to nicotinic type 2 receptors
What neurotransmitter does the post ganglionic nerve release in the parasympathetic nervous system? What receptor?
Post ganglionic releases ACh and is binds with muscarinic receptors that are in the target organ
What type of nerve fibers are the preganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system?
Cholinergic
What do the preganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system release? What receptor do they bind with?
Releases ACh and it binds with nicotinic type 2 receptors
What type of nerve fibers are the post ganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system?
MOST are adrenergic, but some are still cholinergic (sweat glands)
What type of receptors does the NE from the adrenergic post ganglionic nerves from the sympathetic nerves interact with?
Alpha and beta receptors that are adrenergic in nature (several different classes)
What type of receptor does the ACh from the cholinergic postganglionic nerves from the sympathetic nervous system interact with?
Muscarinic
What is NE synthesized from?
Tyrosine which is converted to DOPA which is converted to dopamine, which is eventually converted into NE
How is NE removed from the synapse?
Re-uptake through an active pump mechanism NET or by Diffusion
What happens to NE after re-uptake?
It is metabolized by MAO and COMT
What inhibits re-uptake of NE?
Cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants
What are reciprocal effects?
When one system inhibits while another system stimulates activity of the target organ
What are cooperative effects?
Effects that promote the same goal
Ex) salivary gland secretion and male sexual response
Sweat glands are only innervation by ** nerves.
Sympathetic cholinergic
Hair follicles, brown adipose tissue, and the kidneys are only innervated by ***** nerves.
Sympathetic adrenergic
Most arterioles and veins are innervated by only **** nerve fibers except for ** and ***
Sympathetic adrenergic
Penis
Coronary circulation
What innervates arteries and capillaries?
Nothing
What part of the nervous system promotes viscous secretion from salivary glands?
Symphathetic NS
What part of the nervous system promotes watery secretion from the salivary glands?
Parasympathetic NS
What part of the nervous system causes lacrimal gland secretion?
Both SNS and PNS
What part of the nervous system is response for erection? What about ejaculation?
PNS
SNS
What is the main limbic region for emotions?
Amygdala
The autonomic pathways originate in the ** or ** and consist of a ** and a ** connnected in series by a **.
Brain or spinal cord
Preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
Ganglion
What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate in order to get energy?
Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and inhibits insulin release from the pancreas (in order to raise blood glucose)
During filling of the bladder, which system predominates?
Sympathetic- relaxation of detrusor muscle and contraction of internal sphincter
During urination, which system predominates?
Parasympathetic- contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal sphincter
What is tonic activity?
Both divisions of the ANS are active in resting conditions. There is an ability to increase or decrease activity depending on the ratio of PNS to SNS
What is a reflex activity?
A response to a change in the environment that may not require cortical processing
