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Physiology 1 > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic and somatic nervous system

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2
Q

Is the autonomic NS automatic or voluntary?

A

Automatic

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3
Q

Where on the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibers leave from?

A

The brain and sacral region

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4
Q

Where on the spinal cord do sympathetic fibers leave from?

A

The thoracic and lumbar regions

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5
Q

Are the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems normally one or two neuron systems?

A

Two neuron systems

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6
Q

How does the speed of action potential vary between somatic and autonomic nerves?

A

Autonomic is slightly slower to due lightly myelinated or unmyelinated nerves

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7
Q

What type of neurons does the somatic nervous system use?

A

Cholinergic

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter do somatic nerves use? What receptor?

A

ACh and nicotinic type 1 receptors

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9
Q

What type of nerve fibers does the parasympathetic nervous system use?

A

Cholinergic

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter does the preganglionic nerve release in the parasympathetic nervous system? What receptor is used?

A

Preganglionic releases ACh which binds to nicotinic type 2 receptors

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter does the post ganglionic nerve release in the parasympathetic nervous system? What receptor?

A

Post ganglionic releases ACh and is binds with muscarinic receptors that are in the target organ

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12
Q

What type of nerve fibers are the preganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic

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13
Q

What do the preganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system release? What receptor do they bind with?

A

Releases ACh and it binds with nicotinic type 2 receptors

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14
Q

What type of nerve fibers are the post ganglionic nerves in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

MOST are adrenergic, but some are still cholinergic (sweat glands)

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15
Q

What type of receptors does the NE from the adrenergic post ganglionic nerves from the sympathetic nerves interact with?

A

Alpha and beta receptors that are adrenergic in nature (several different classes)

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16
Q

What type of receptor does the ACh from the cholinergic postganglionic nerves from the sympathetic nervous system interact with?

A

Muscarinic

17
Q

What is NE synthesized from?

A

Tyrosine which is converted to DOPA which is converted to dopamine, which is eventually converted into NE

18
Q

How is NE removed from the synapse?

A

Re-uptake through an active pump mechanism NET or by Diffusion

19
Q

What happens to NE after re-uptake?

A

It is metabolized by MAO and COMT

20
Q

What inhibits re-uptake of NE?

A

Cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants

21
Q

What are reciprocal effects?

A

When one system inhibits while another system stimulates activity of the target organ

22
Q

What are cooperative effects?

A

Effects that promote the same goal

Ex) salivary gland secretion and male sexual response

23
Q

Sweat glands are only innervation by ** nerves.

A

Sympathetic cholinergic

24
Q

Hair follicles, brown adipose tissue, and the kidneys are only innervated by ***** nerves.

A

Sympathetic adrenergic

25
Q

Most arterioles and veins are innervated by only **** nerve fibers except for ** and ***

A

Sympathetic adrenergic
Penis
Coronary circulation

26
Q

What innervates arteries and capillaries?

A

Nothing

27
Q

What part of the nervous system promotes viscous secretion from salivary glands?

A

Symphathetic NS

28
Q

What part of the nervous system promotes watery secretion from the salivary glands?

A

Parasympathetic NS

29
Q

What part of the nervous system causes lacrimal gland secretion?

A

Both SNS and PNS

30
Q

What part of the nervous system is response for erection? What about ejaculation?

A

PNS

SNS

31
Q

What is the main limbic region for emotions?

A

Amygdala

32
Q

The autonomic pathways originate in the ** or ** and consist of a ** and a ** connnected in series by a **.

A

Brain or spinal cord
Preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
Ganglion

33
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate in order to get energy?

A

Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and inhibits insulin release from the pancreas (in order to raise blood glucose)

34
Q

During filling of the bladder, which system predominates?

A

Sympathetic- relaxation of detrusor muscle and contraction of internal sphincter

35
Q

During urination, which system predominates?

A

Parasympathetic- contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal sphincter

36
Q

What is tonic activity?

A

Both divisions of the ANS are active in resting conditions. There is an ability to increase or decrease activity depending on the ratio of PNS to SNS

37
Q

What is a reflex activity?

A

A response to a change in the environment that may not require cortical processing

Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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