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Neuroscience > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

T/F- Voluntary (striated) muscle also has autonomic innervation

A

False- they dont

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2
Q

What are the cellular targets of autonomic nerves?

A

Smooth an cardiac muscle, epithelial transport of ions, hormone and mucuous secretion, metabolism, immune cells

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3
Q

With the endocrine system- the ANS is essential for?

A

Homeostasis and allostasis ( maintaining balanced system with environment)

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4
Q

what are three components of ANS?

A

Sympathetic, PNS, ENS

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5
Q

T/F- SNS and PNS have components in both CNS and PNS

A

True

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6
Q

Can ENS function without CNS? Can it be influenced by SNS and PNS

A

Yes- it is entirely within gastrointestinal tract and can be influenced

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7
Q

Sympathetic preganglion axon is close to ____ and ___ in lenght whereas the post ganglionic axon is ____

A) brainstem, short, long
B) brainstem, long, short
C) spinal cord, short, long
D) spinal cord, long, short

A

C) spinal cord, short, long

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8
Q

Parasympathetic preganglion axon is ___ in lenght whereas the post ganglionic axon is ____

A) short, long
B) long, short

A

B) preganglionic axon is long, post ganglionic is short

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9
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic axon releases ______ and has _____ receptors at the post ganglionic axon. The post-ganglionic axon releases ______ and has ____ receptors at target tissues.

A) Ach, muscuranic, nictonic, adrenaline
B) Noradrenaline, nicotininc, Noradrenaline, muscuranic
C) Noradrenaline, muscuranic, nicotinic, Ach
D) Ach, nictonic, Noradrenaline, muscuranic

A

D) Ach, nictonic, Noradrenaline, muscuranic

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10
Q

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic axon releases ______ and has _____ receptors at the post ganglionic axon. The post-ganglionic axon releases ______ and has ____ receptors at target tissues.

A) Ach, muscuranic, nictonic, adrenaline
B) Noradrenaline, nicotininc, Noradrenaline, muscuranic
C) Noradrenaline, muscuranic, Ach, nicotinic
D) Ach, nictonic, Ach, muscuranic

A

D) Ach, nictonic, Ach, muscuranic

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11
Q

What is co-transmission?

A

when more than 1 neurotransmitter be released from a synapse

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12
Q

Symapthetic innervation is _______ whereas PNS innervation is ______

A) thoraco-lumbar, cranio-sacral
B) cranio-sacral, thoraco-lumbar
C) cranio-lumbar, thoraco-sacro
D) thoraco-sacro, cranio-lumbar

A

A) thoraco-lumbar, cranio-sacral

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13
Q

Pre-ganglionic axons project via _____ nerves

A) Spinal
B) cranial
C) CNS
D) PNS

A

A) spinal

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14
Q

What are the two types of sympathetic ganglia?

A

Paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) and prevertebral ganglia (mesenteric chain)

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15
Q

T/F- Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons innervate the adrenal medulla. If true, what does this mean?

A

True- if activated, adrenal cells secrete adrenaline and NA into circulation, having widespread effects

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16
Q

If adrenal medullar nerves are activated, what hormones are spread in bloodstream?

A) steroid hormones
B) catecholamine hormones
C) sexual hormones

A

B) catecholamine

17
Q

T/F-In the sympathetic NS, The CNS cannot activate more than one preganglionic pathways at once

A

False- CNS activates many preganglionic pathways at once

18
Q

T/F- Some pre-ganglionic neurons in SNS have many axons collaterals so can activate many postganglionic neurons at once

A

True

19
Q

T/F- SNS is essential for normal living (eg. blood pressure adjustments)

A

True

20
Q

Preganglionic neurons of PNS are in 2 sites. Where are they?

A

brainstem nuclei and sacral spinal cord

21
Q

Where are the 3 nucleus’s in brainstem which house preganglionic neurons and where do they go to?

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus (goes to ciliary ganglion), salivatory nucleus (submandibular, spheno-palantine and otic ganglia), dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguus (to unnamed microganglia)

22
Q

Pre-ganglionic axons in brainstem project via ______ nerves

A

cranial

23
Q

Pre-ganglionic axons in d sacral spinal cord project via ______ nerves

A

spinal

24
Q

where do sacral postganglionic neurons lie?

A

pelvic plexus

25
Q

T/F- T/F- Some pre-ganglionic neurons in PNS have many axons collaterals so can activate many postganglionic neurons at once.

A

False- they dont

26
Q

T/F- PNS can be activated under many situations, not just rest/digest

A

True

27
Q

What part in the medualla recieves sensory input that provide various info about various tissues and environment?

A

caudal part of nucleus of solitary tract

28
Q

Nucleus of solitary tract is a major integrative centre for autonomic function. Why?

A

sensory input that provide various info about various tissues and environment

29
Q

Once information goes to the Nucleus of solitary tract, where is the information distributed to?

A

1) Preganglionic neurons- provide feedback to reflexes that control organ/tissue function
2) Medial and ventral forebrain- provide info to higher centres to drive more complexes

30
Q

What is the role of hypothalamus as the central coordination of autonomic output?

A

1) recieves sensory inputs
2) hormonal signals
3) compares situations to set points, then adjusts behaviour, autonomic and endocrine function

31
Q

What are the primary issues of a spinal cord injury?

A

Partial or complete loss of ascending/descending connections w/ brain, so cant sense or respond properly to changes in environment

32
Q

What are secondary issues or a spinal cord injury?

A

spinal and peripheral nerve circuits can remodel or degenerate. Unregulated organs can go change, including altered trophic signalling to peripheral nerves.

33
Q

When does autonomic dysreflexia occur?

A

when spinal injury or at above spinal level T6. Can lead to bladder distension, urinary tract infection, nocioceptor activity

34
Q

A major role of ANs and higher CNS centres during bladder dysfunction is to coordinate _______

A

determine state of external urethral sphincter

35
Q

How is the neurobiology of visceral sensory neurons different to somatic neurons?

A

1) most visceral sensory activity is not perceieved
2) visceral sensory activity can elicit unique sensation
3) visceral pain is perecieved as diffuse and imprecisely localised
4) visceral nocioceptors have much more extensive branching of their peripptors rheral and central

36
Q

T/F- in organs, nocioceptors respond to diverse stimuli

A

True

37
Q

What is bioelectronic medicine, the aim of bioelectronic medicine and whats a major challenge?

A

its swapping drugs for devices

aim- activate or reduce activity of neural pathway of choice

challenge- in many peripheral nerves, sensory and autonomic axons are intermingled

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