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PATHO II, NEURO > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

Preganglionic (CNS) nerve fibers are

A

myelinated

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2
Q

Postganglionic (PNS) nerve fibers are

A

unmyelinated

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters of sympathetic NS (“thoracolumbar”) and ex of their action

A

Epinephrine - vasodilation

Norepinephrine - vasoconstriction

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4
Q

Difference w ganglia in symp vs parasymp NS

A

Sympathetic NS has Paravertebral “trunk” of ganglia

Parasympathetic NS has ganglia in the periphery, near the organ being innervated

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5
Q

Which nerve fiber travels from the CNS to the ganglia in Parasympathetic NS

A

PRESYNAPTIC nerve fiber travels from the CNS a lllllll the way to the local ganglia (near innervated organ). Post synaptic fiber is relatively short.

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6
Q

Through which two nerves do most parasympathetic nerve fibers travel to the periphery?

A

VAGUS and PELVIC nerves

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7
Q

Parasympathetics do NOT go to:

A

Heart (except pacemakers!)

Uterus

Sweat glands and Arrector Pilli

Skeletal Muscles

Adrenal gland (duh)

Only to select blood vessels (like coronary arteries)

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8
Q

Which part of the heart is the only little spot innervated by parasympathetic nerves?

A

Pacemaker cells

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9
Q

Which reproductive organ specifically is NOT innervated by parasympathetic nerves

A

Uterus

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10
Q

Are skeletal muscles innervated by parasympathetic nerves?

A

NO

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11
Q

Only a few select blood vessels are innervated by parasympathetic nerves - what is one example?

A

Coronary Arteries

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12
Q

A “modified sympathetic ganglion”

A

Adrenal Medulla

Preganglionic fibers&raquo_space;»» ACh: Adrenal medulla&raquo_space;

Postganglionic fibers&raquo_space;> E, NE&raquo_space; BLOODSTREAM

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13
Q

What is unique about the Adrenal Medulla?

A

The sympathetic preganglionic fibers travel alllll the way to the adrenal gland (like a ganglia)

Adrenal gland releases E, NE into the BLOODSTREAM, like an endocrine gland

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14
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors in general are responsible for

A

Vasoconstriction > coronary arteries and veins

Decreased motility of GI smooth muscle cells

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15
Q

Key alpha 1 receptor actions

A

EXCITATION

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in
skin
GI
Kidney
Brain

Contraction of
Pupils
Urethral sphincter

Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis

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16
Q

Key alpha 2 receptor actions

A

INHIBITION

Glucose metabolism

  • Inhibits insulin secretion
  • stims glucagon release
  • contraction of anal sphincter
17
Q

Key beta 1 actions

A 
Cardiac Increase:
HR
Contraction
Conduction 
EF

INCREASES RENIN SECRETION

18
Q

Key beta 2 actions

A

Smooth muscle relaxation of:

  • Bronchus / bronchioles
  • Detrusor / Uterine

Glucose metabolism

  • inhibits insulin secretion
  • stims gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
19
Q

Of the alpha/beta receptors, which is the only one which is PRESYNAPTIC

A

alpha 2

These exist on the presynaptic neuron in a synapse and inhibit release of its neurotransmitter.

20
Q

Which three receptors (of SNS) are responsible for glucose metabolism

A

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 2

21
Q

Most common adrenergic receptors

A

alpha 1

22
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found

A

POSTGANGLIONIC AcH receptors

Neuromuscular junctions

23
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found

A

CNS
Exocrine glands
Cardiac conduction

GI smooth muscle (help contraction)

24
Q

Considering where nicotinic receptors are found, what might nicotinic receptor antagonists do?

A

Cause paralysis

receptors on skeletal muscles - neuromuscular junction

25
Q

What other special “neurological” place are nicotinic receptors found - maybe especially affected by smoking ciagrettes/??

A

Brain - areas w Cognitive Function and Behavior

attention, learning, memory, reward

26
Q

Unopposed sympathetic input to eyes cause

A

PUPIL DILATION

27
Q

Myasthenia gravis - antibodies target nicotinic or muscarinic AcH receptors?

A

nicotinic! muscle!

28
Q

Loss of sympathetic outflow - presynaptic neurons can not get to the postsynaptic sympathetic trunk to synapse. Usually due to injury / lesion in cervical / upper thoracic areas

A

Neurogenic shock

29
Q

Is the complete loss of reflex function in all segments below the level of the lesion.

Manifestations include flaccid paralysis, sensory deficit, and loss of bladder and rectal control.

A

Spinal shock

30
Q

Syndrome of sudden, massive RSD (reflex sympathetic discharge) with little to no opposing parasympathetic discharge to bring it down

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia

31
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia happens w lesions in what part of spine?

A

Above T 7

32
Q

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

A

Since message can’t make it up to the brain, SNS has to reflexively respond with:

Hypertension (up to 300)
Bradycardia (30-40)
Vasospasm
Shivering and goosebumps

PATHO II, NEURO (4 decks)

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