Autonomic Nervous System Respiration Swallowing

Question 1

location of ganglia in Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

Answer 1

sympathetic - contiguous, interconnected, paravertebrally

parasympathetic - proximal to structures they innervate

Question 2

main neurotransmitter
sympathetic
parasympathetic

Answer 2

postganglionic sympathetic - norepinephrine

parasympathetic - acetylcholine

Question 3

sympathetic innervations of sweat glands

Answer 3

cholinergic

Question 4

cranial nuclei of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 4

Edinger-westphal pupillary nucleus
superior and inferior salivatory nuclei
dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
adjacent reticular nuclei

Question 5

cranial division of the parasymapthetic NS and their respective ganglia

Answer 5

III - ciliary ganglion
VII - sphenopalatine
IX - otic ganglion
X - submandibular

Question 6

T/F

In motor system disease, in which bladder and bowel functions are preserved until late in the disease, the neurons in the Onuf nucleus, in contrast to other somatomotor neurons in the sacral cord, tend not to be involved in the degenerative process.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic NS

level

Answer 7

intermediolateral cell column from C8 - L2

Question 8

T/F

Organs innervated by the autonomic nervous system receive only postganglionic fibers.

Answer 8

FALSE. The sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla is unique that its secretory cells receive preganglionic fibers directly via splanchnic nerves.

Question 9

In the brainstem: the main visceral afferent nucleus is

Answer 9

nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 10

supranuclear regulatory apparatus of the hypothalamus

Answer 10

“frontal lobe cortex
insular cortex
amygdaloid and adjacent nuclei”

Question 11

highest levels of autonomic integration

Answer 11

ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices

Question 12

The hypothalamus plays an essential role in the initiation and regulation of autnomic activity. Sympathetic responses are most readily obtained by stimulation of the ______ and ____ regions of the hypothalamus and the parasympathetic responses from the ______ regions.

Answer 12

“sympathetic - posterior and lateral

parasympathetic - anterior regions”

Question 13

T/F

The descending sympathetic fibers are largely or totally uncrossed. “

Answer 13

True

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