Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

An automatic processes such as heart beat. It has a two major divisions; Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Question 2

Receptor Theory

Answer 2

The application of receptor models to explain drug behavior.
- Binds a drug to either engage or prevent a response.

Question 3

Pharmacologic effect

Answer 3

“Mechanism of action” or the specific biochemical interaction produced by a drug substance.

Question 4

Sympathetic

Answer 4

• “Fight or Flight”
• Also known as the adrenergic nervous system
• Blood vessels constrict
• Influences metabolism

Question 5

Parasympathetic

Answer 5

• “Rest and Digest”
• Called the cholinergic system
• General maintenance that occur in a state of relaxation.

Question 6

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Answer 6

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS.
Receptors include:
- Cutaneous sense organs in skin
- Proprioceptors in muscles and tendons

Question 7

Motor (efferent) neuron

Answer 7

Carry impulses from CNS to viscera and muscles and glands.

Question 8

Agonist Drug

Answer 8

Produces a response

Question 9

Antagonist Drug

Answer 9

Blocks a response

Question 10

Adrenergic

Answer 10

Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system; located throughout the body, alpha and beta receptors
* Adrenergic Agonist - action is to stimulate
* Adrenergic Blockers - action is to block.

Question 11

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer 11

• Located in the vascular tissues (vessels) of smooth muscles
• Alpha1 receptors
  – Alpha2 receptors
  – Beta1 receptors
  – Beta2 receptors

Question 12

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 12

Drop in blood pressure on standing to a certain extent

Question 13

Selective

Answer 13

Influences a specific type of receptor

Question 14

Nonselective

Answer 14

Influences all receptors

Question 15

Cholinergic Drugs

Answer 15

• Stimulates PNS
• Mimic the action of theparasympathetic nervous system.
• Induce the rest-and-digest response.

Question 16

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 16

Group of G-Protein coupled cholinergic receptors that phosphorylate second messengers.
- Has five types: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5.

Question 17

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 17

Group of cholinergic receptors linked to ion channels in the cell membrane
- Has two types: N1, N2

Question 18

Catecholamines

Answer 18

• Direct action. A few compounds may have a mixed actions.
• Usually have shorter half life because of their rapid metabolism.

Question 19

Noncatecholamines

Answer 19

• Have indirect or mixed actions and few may have direct action.
• Have moderate to longer half life as these are degraded slowly.

Question 20

Serotonin Syndrome

Answer 20

• Too much serotonin due to too much of an SSRI is prescribed, or synergistic affect with
  other drugs, herbs.