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PHYSIOLOGY > Autonomic Nervous System (Doc Martinez) > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (Doc Martinez) Flashcards

1
Q
  • Visceral Motor System (new term): provides motor control of the viscera
  • Vegetative Nervous System (old term)
  • Homeostasis
  • Regulatory
  • Essentially motor
A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

2 means of control in the body

A

Nervous Control - fasting acting, short duration (eg. baroreceptors in the heart in BP maintenance)

Humeral Control - slower acting, long duration (eg. RAAS in BP maintenance)

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3
Q

FUNCTIONS OF ANS

A
  1. Maintain constant internal environment or homeostasis: issue commands that leads to compensatory actions
  2. Regarded as part of the motor system
  3. Appropriate coordinated response to external stimuli (e.g. helps regulate pupil size in response to different intensities of ambient light, helping the visual system to operate over large range of light intensities)
    • FIGHT OR FLIGHT: response to threatening activities
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4
Q
  • Mediates visceral reflexes (e.g. gastrocolic reflex, where stomach distention triggers peristalsis in the intestines) and provides sensory information to the CNS for the state of our viscera.
  • Activation of autonomic receptors evoke sensory experiences (e.g. pain, hunger, thirst, nausea and sense of visceral distention)
A

Maintain constant internal environment or homeostasis: issue commands that leads to compensatory actions

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5
Q
  • Effectors: smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands
  • Autonomic fibers in peripheral nerves are accompanied by visceral after end fibers originating from visceral sensory receptors in the viscera.
  • Receptors triggers reflexes and evokes sensory experiences such as pain, hunger, thirst, nausea and sense of visceral distention.
A

Regarded as part of the motor system

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6
Q

PNS

A

SOMATIC NS

AUTONOMIC NS

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7
Q

12 Cranial Nerves

A
  1. OLFACTORY
  2. OPTIC
  3. OCULOMOTOR
  4. TROCHLEAR
  5. TRIGEMINAL
  6. ABDUCENS
  7. FACIAL
  8. ACOUSTIC
  9. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
  10. VAGUS
  11. SPINAL ACCESSORY
  12. HYPOGLOSSAL
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8
Q

Cranial Nerves involved in ANS

A
  1. OCCULOMOTOR
  2. FACIAL
  3. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
  4. VAGUS
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9
Q

SPINAL NERVES

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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10
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Afferent
Integrating
-

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11
Q

REFLEX ARC

A
  1. Sensory Receptors (+)-AP
  2. AFFERENT Nerve
  3. CENTER
  4. EFFERENT Nerve
  5. EFFECTOR Cell
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12
Q

-

A

Somatic Nerve

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13
Q

Cell body within the CNS

First Neuron

A

Pre-ganglionic neuron

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14
Q

Cell body is located outside in CNS (Autonomic)

Second neuron

A

Post ganglionic neuron

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15
Q

ANS junction

A

Neuroeffector Junction

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16
Q

Nerve Fibers

A

Somatic (conscious/ voluntary) motor

Autonomic (subconscious/ involuntary) homeostasis

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17
Q

Somatic Nerve

A

SOMATIC AFF - Sensory
Somatic eff - effectorcell
Visceral Aff-
Visceral Eff- effe

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18
Q

Cerebral coortex

A

SNS center

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19
Q

ANS Center

A

Hypothalamus,

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20
Q

Central Components of ANS

A
  1. Hypothalamus

2. Limbic System

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21
Q

It release hormone and regulates body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

It is involved with the emotion and visceral behaviors like feeding, drinking, thermoregulation, reproduction, defense and aggression

A

Limbic System:

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23
Q

SNS

A 
ONE WAY 
Acetylcholine (Receptors: N1 and MEP)
Center, NMJ
Interruption: Complete paralysis - atrophy
Excitation (contraction)
Neurons: ALPHA-MOTOR NEURONS (myelinated rapid)
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SYNTHESIS: axon terminal
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24
Q

ANS

A 
TWO NEURON PATHWAY
Norepinephrine and Ach
Sites of inhibition: Center, peripheral ganglion, NEJ
Automaticity
Response: Excitatory/ inhibitory
Pregangiolonic - myelinated B
Post ganglionic - MYELINATED C
Effector: Visceral
Beads of varicosities
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25
Q

ANS Classification based on:

A

Anatomic Differences
Functional
Biochemical
Pharmacologic

26
Q

ANATOMIC DIFFERENCES

A

Sympatheic
Parasympathetic
Enteric NS (Intramural NervePlexus of GIT_

27
Q 
MINI BRAIN (contains all elements of NS)
Function autonomously
Confined within GIT walls
A

ENTERIC NS

28
Q

2 divisions of Enteric NS

A

MYENTERIC (AUERBACH’S PLEXUS)

MEISSNER’S (SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS)

29
Q

Located within the muscle layers of intestinal walls

Regulation of motor activity (peristalsis) of the GI tract

A

MYENTERIC (AUERBACH’S PLEXUS)

30
Q

Located within the submucosal layer (glands) of GI wall

Regulation of secretory activities of GIT

A

MEISSNER’S (SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS)

31
Q

It will synapse in ENS
Inhibitory
Motor and Secretory act

A

Sympathetic post ganglionic fibers

32
Q

It will synapse in ENS
Excitatory
Motor and Secretory act

A

Parasympathetic pre ganglionic fibers

33
Q

Sympathetic NS other name

A

Thoracolumbar Ouflow (T1-T12; L1-L4)

34
Q

Larger Division
Prepares individual to cope with emergency
Ensures body can respond appropriately to a stressful or emergency situation
“Fight or flight”

A

Sympathetic NS (Thoracolumbar Ouflow)

35
Q

Responses of the Sympathetic NS

A
  1. Mydriasis
  2. Stimulation of heart and BV
  3. Vasoconstriction
  4. Increased rate of blood coagulation
  5. Redistribution of blood flow from skin and splanchnic regions towards skeletal muscle and heart
  6. Increase RR and bronchodilation for an increased exchange of blood gases
  7. Salivary secretion - decreased volume but mucus secretion increases (lubrication of mouth despite increased ventilation)
  8. Increased blood glucose level (epinephrine)
  9. Activated of sweat glands (heat)
  10. Cold, clammy perspiration (skin constriction and sweat glands activation)
  11. Piloerector muscle (goosebumps)
  12. Decreased GIT activity (inhibitory) - defacation
  13. Increase mental activity
  14. Reticular formation
36
Q

3 GANGLIA IN SYMPATHETIC NS

A

PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA (superior, middle, inferior CG)

PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA (celiac, superior, inferior mesenteric ganglion)

**Adrenal medulla

37
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

CRANIOSACRAL OUTFLOW

38
Q

Dominates in quiet, relaxed situation
Activity tends to conserve energy and restore the body’s resources (anabolic NS)
Cranial outflow supplies the visceral structures in the head through CV 3, 7, and 9 and the structures in the thorax and upper abdomen through CN 10
Sacral outflow supplies pelvic viscera

A

Parasympathetic NS (CRANIOSACRAL OUTFLOW)

39
Q

Only ganglion in the Parasympathetic NS

A

Terminal ganglion (3. ciliary [eye], 7. pterygopalatine [lacrimal gland], 7 submandibular [sublingual and submandibular], 9. otic ganglion [parotid glands])

40
Q

Circular muscle in the iris that causes constriction of the pupil

PS

CN 3

A

Pupillary Sphincter Muscle

41
Q

Radial muscle in the iris that causes dilation of the pupil
Sympathetic

SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION - release of norepinephrine

A

Dilator pupillae muscle

42
Q

Exert opposite effects but operate reciprocally to produce coordinated responses

Hear: S (+) and PS (-) 
Normal HR = net result of S and PS
CUT Vagus = Increased HR
CUT S = Decreased HR
BOTH Cut = Increased HR
A

Dual innervation

43
Q

The 2 division can also act in a synergistic or cooperative manner

Example:
Both S and PS are excitatory but effects are opposite
Why? They innervated diff. Muscles in the same organ

PS: CIRCULAR muscle of iris = pupillary constriction/ myosis
S: RADIAL muscle of iris = pupillary dilation/ mediasis

A

DUAL INNERVATION

44
Q

Synergicstic action on sexual function

Penis:
PS: Erection
S: Ejaculation

Complemetary effect: Salivary gland

GIT
PS: Relaxation
S:

A

Dual INNERVATION

45
Q

Bladder filling

A

SYMPATHETIC EFFECT

46
Q

Bladder full

A

Parasympathetic Control

47
Q

Single Innervation

SYMPATHETIC ONLY

A

SWEAT
ADRENAL
MOST BV
PILIMOTOR MUSCLE

48
Q

Single Innervation

PARASYMPATHETIC ONLY

A 
LACRIMAL (TEAR GLAND)
CILIARY MUSCLE (ACCOMMODATION)
49
Q

Ach is NT

All parasympathetic NS have this either pre or post ganglionic

Preganglionic sympathetic contains this nerve

+ Postganglionic sympathetic in sweat glands

A

CHOLINERGIC NERVE

50
Q

NOREPI is the NT

Postganglionic Sympathetic contains this nerve (singly innervated structure)

A

ADRENERGIC NERVE

51
Q

-

A

NANC (Non adrenergic-non cholinergic)

52
Q

Cholinergic nerve receptors

A

Muscarinic

Nicotinic

53
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1, 2 and 3) receptors (viceral effector organ)

54
Q

It is a receptor seen in sweat gland and smooth muscle that is innervated with postganglionic nerves

A

Muscarinic receptor

55
Q 
Have affinity for nicotine (small amounts)
Excess nicotine acts as blocking agent
Location: 
Acts as direct ligand-gated ion channel
Activated = depolarization
A

Nicotinic Receptor

56
Q

Have affinity for muscarine (mushroom poison)
Sites: PS effector cells and S cholinergic effector cells
Blocking agent: ATROPINE

A

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

57
Q

TYPES OF MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

A

M1

M2

58
Q

Enhances gastric acid secretion

IP3 and DAG

A

M1

59
Q

-

A

M2

60
Q

-

A

M3

61
Q

-

A

M4

62
Q

-

A

M5

PHYSIOLOGY (13 decks)

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