Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate?

Answer 1

spinal cord from a cell body in the intermediolateral
cell column (extending from T1 to L2)

Question 2

Which ramus do preganglionic fibers course through?

Answer 2

white ramus

Question 3

Where do postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate?

Answer 3

sympathetic change ganglia or prevertebral ganglia

Question 4

What type of fibers are sympathetic nerves?

Answer 4

type C

Question 5

What are splanchic nerves?

Answer 5

preganglionic sympathetic fibers that pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing and go straight to the adrenal medulla

Question 6

Sympathetic fibers from what spinal level supply the head?

Answer 6

T1

Question 7

Sympathetic fibers from what spinal level supply the neck?

Answer 7

T2

Question 8

Sympathetic fibers from what spinal level supply the thorax?

Answer 8

T3-T6

Question 9

Sympathetic fibers from what spinal level supply the abdomen?

Answer 9

T7 - T11

Question 10

Sympathetic fibers from what spinal level supply the lower limbs?

Answer 10

T12-L2

Question 11

In what nerves are parasympathetic fibers found?

Answer 11

CN III, VII, IX, X (75%)

S1-S4

Question 12

Preganglionic autonomic fibers are _______ (receptor type).

Answer 12

Cholinergic

Question 13

Post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers are _______ (receptor type).

Answer 13

Cholinergic

Question 14

Post ganglionic sympathetic fibers are ________ (receptor type).

Answer 14

Adrenergic except for fibers going to sweat, piloerectors, and blood vessels (Muscarinic)

Question 15

What is the mechanism of Resperine?

Answer 15

blocks NE synthesis and storage; prevents DA uptake into vesicles

Question 16

What is the effect of Gaunethidine?

Answer 16

decreases NE release

Question 17

Phenylepherine stimulate _____ receptor(s).

Answer 17

alpha receptors

Question 18

Name two alpha blockers.

Answer 18

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine

Question 19

Name three autonomic (primarily sympathetic) ganglionic blockers. What is their overall effect?

Answer 19

hexamethonium, TEA, Pentolinim

decrease BP

Question 20

Name two muscarinic receptor agonists.

Answer 20

pilocarpine and methacholine

Question 21

Name three muscarinic receptor blockers.

Answer 21

atropine, pertussis toxin, and scopolamine

Question 22

Name three reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Answer 22

neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine

Question 23

Name the irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Answer 23

organophosphates

Question 24

Name three ACh receptor agonists.

Answer 24

ACh, nicotine, and methacholine

Question 25

What is the mechanism of tetanus?

Answer 25

prevents fusion of vesicle with cell membrane, such as blocking glycine release from Renshaw cells

Question 26

What is the mechanism for Cholera toxin?

Answer 26

decreased GTP hydrolysis

Question 27

What is the effect of Diptheria toxin?

Answer 27

inactivates tRNA transferase

Question 28

What is the mechanism of Strychnine?

Answer 28

glycine antagonist

Question 29

What is the mechanism of cocaine?

Answer 29

blocks DA and NE uptake

Question 30

What is the mechanism of cyanide?

Answer 30

blocks Na/K pump, disrupting active transport