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Z YEAR 1 BRS > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sub-division of the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Is the ANS under conscious control?

A

NO

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3
Q

What does the ANS control?

A
  • Non-skeletsl peripheral function:
    1. Cardiac muscle (heart)
    2. Smooth muscle
    3. Internal organs
    4. Skin
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4
Q

What is the parasympathetic?

A

“rest and digest” routine maitencnace

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5
Q

What is the sympathetic?

A

“fight and flight” mobilisation and increased metabolism

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6
Q

What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic do for the pupil?

A

sympathetic: dilation
parasympathetic: constriction

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7
Q

What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic do for heart?

A

sympathetic: increase rate and contractility
parasympathetic: decrease rate and contractility

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8
Q

What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic do for the stomach?

A

sympathetic: decrease motility and secretion
parasympathetic: increase motility and secretions

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9
Q

When is para and sym not always the case?

A

The SNS control blood vessels one - both constriction and dilation

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10
Q

What does the para and symph react to? what is an example?

A
  • Sensory info received in the integrating centre

- sensory information relayed by baroreceptors determines parasympathetic/sympathetic control of heart rate

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11
Q

Where is autonomic sensory (afferent) information relayed to?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

What is efferent output relayed through?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones

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13
Q

Where to visceral motor nuclei originate?

A

In the hypothalamus

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14
Q

Where do the visceral motor neurone project to?

A

The brainstem or spinal cord where they synapse with autonomic neurone (parasympathetic or sympathetic)

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15
Q

What two neurones do the autonomic neurone consist of?

A

pre-gaglionic and post ganglionic neurone

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16
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A nerve cell cluster or group of nerve cell bodies

17
Q

What are the neurones in PNS like?

A
  1. Long pre-ganglionic fibres
    2 .Ganglions close to (or embedded within) effector tissues.
  2. Short post-ganglionic fibres
18
Q

What are neurones in SNS like?

A
  1. Short pre-ganglionic fibres
  2. Ganglions close to (or embedded within) effector tissues.
  3. Long post-ganglionic fibres
19
Q

Where to ANS neurones originate?

A

In brainstem/spinal cord

20
Q

What is special about the adrenal gland?

A
  • One sympathetic nerve for adrenal gland

- One exception to two neurone arrangement in ANS

21
Q

What neurotransmitter is at the ganglion in sympathetic and parasymapthic?

A

Ach

22
Q

What neurotransmitter is at post ganglionic at parasympathetic at effector organ?

A

Ach

23
Q

What neurotransmitter is at post ganglionic at sympathetic at effector organ?

A

NA (noradrenline)

24
Q

Where is ACh released from?

A
  • ACh released from all pre-ganglionic neurons

* ACh released from PNS post-ganglionic neurons

25
Q

Where is NA rebased from?

A

•NA released from SNS post-ganglionic neurons

26
Q

What does adrenal medulla release?

A

Adrenaline (and NA)

27
Q

What is special about the lung?

A
  • The lung Unusual situation – there are parasympathetic nerves innervating the lung tissue.
  • There are NO sympathetic neurons innervating the lung tissue
28
Q

What is added for enteric nervous system?

A

Enteric nervous system adds layer of complexity to GI responses

29
Q

What type of receptor would you want at autonomic ganglia?

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine rector

ICR: fast + mediate all fast excitatory and inhibitory transmission

30
Q

What do nicotinic acetylcholine receptors do?

A
  • mediate the responses to acetylcholine released from preganglionic fibres at all autonomic ganglia
  • they also mediate the response to acetylcholine released by sympathetic nerves innervating the adrenal medulla
31
Q

What do different receptors mediate?

A

the effects of neurotransmitters released from postganglionic fibres.

32
Q

Describe the nicotinic receptor

A

present within all autonomic ganglia. Ion channel linked.

33
Q

Describe the muscarinic Ach receptor

A

respond to Ach release from post-ganglionic PNS fibres.

34
Q

Describe adrenergic receptors

A

respond to NA release from post-ganglionic SNS fibres or adrenaline via blood.

35
Q

What is the structure of metabolism?

A
  1. Precursor enzymatically converted to neurotransmitter
  2. Packaged into vesicles
  3. Action Potential causes Ca2+ influx and exocytosis
  4. Exocytosis and neurotransmitter release
  5. Receptor activation
  6. Removal of neurotransmitter from synapse via uptake into pre synaptic terminal or glial cell; can be metabolised in the synapse prior to uptake
36
Q

What is the structure of acetylcholine metabolism?

A
  1. Choline and acetyl Co A enzymatically converted by choline acetyl transferase
  2. Packaged into vesicles
  3. Action Potential causes Ca2+ influx and exocytosis
  4. Exocytosis and neurotransmitter release
  5. Receptor activation (miscarinic or nicotinic)
  6. AcH rapidly degraded by acetylcholinesterase in the synapse. Choline taken up into presynaptic terminal by choline uptake protein
37
Q

What is the structure of noradrenaline metabolism?

A
  1. Tyrosine covered to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase. DOPA converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase
  2. Dopamine packaged into vesicles with dopamine beta hydroxylase. Noradrenaline is the product
  3. Action Potential causes Ca2+ influx and exocytosis
  4. Exocytosis and neurotransmitter release
  5. Receptor activation (adrengic)
  6. Removal of neurotransmitter from synapse via uptake into pre synaptic terminal or glial cell; can be metabolised in the synapse prior to uptake
38
Q

What is the structure of adrenaline metabolism?

A
  1. Tyrosine covered to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase. DOPA converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase
  2. Dopamine packaged into vesicles with dopamine beta hydroxylase. Noradrenaline is the product
  3. Noradreanline converted to adrenaline in the cytoplasm by phenylethanol methyl transferase
  4. Action potential causes Ca2+ influx and expcytosisi
  5. Exocytosis and neurotransmitter release
  6. Adrenaline diffuses into capillary and is transported to tissues in the blood
39
Q

What is special about biosynthesis?

A
  • Neurotransmitter biosynthesis – similar in all ANS neurons.
  • Differences: Multiple enzymatic reactions to generate NA/adrenaline vs one for ACh
  • ACh metabolised in synapse and metabolites transported back to pre-synaptic neuron.
  • NA transported back to pre-synaptic neuron and then metabolised

Z YEAR 1 BRS (9 decks)

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