Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Divisions of ANS

Answer 1

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on GI and HR

Answer 2

Sympathetic - inc HR, dec GI

Parasympathetic - dec HR, inc GI

Question 3

Rostral and caudal hypothalamus regulate what

Answer 3

Rostral - parasympathetic division
Caudal - sympathetic division
(Hypothalamus - central control)

Question 4

Target structures for autonomic and somatic systems

Answer 4

Autonomic - cardiac m., smooth m. (vascular), glands

Somatic - skeletal m.

Question 5

Neurons for autonomic and somatic systems

Answer 5

Autonomic - 2 cell bodies

Somatic - 1 cell body

Question 6

Ganglia for autonomic system (4 categories; none for somatic)

Answer 6

Prevertebral, paravertebral, terminal, named

Question 7

Fibers for autonomic and somatic systems

Answer 7

Autonomic - preganglionic = presynaptic, postganglionic = postsynaptic
Somatic - 1 fiber

Question 8

Function of ANS

Answer 8

Coordinate internal responses to external stimuli, involuntary reactions or responses, and response to stresses

Question 9

Sympathetic transmitters

Answer 9

Epinephrine, norepinephrine (used to be called adrenaline -> adrenergic)
*long postsynaptic fiber

Question 10

Parasympathetic transmitter

Answer 10

Acetylcholine -> cholinergic

*long presynaptic fiber

Question 11

Thoracolumbar origin (GVE LMN)

Answer 11

Lateral horn of spinal cord (preganglionic cell bodies)

Question 12

Paravertebral ganglia (GVE LMN; 2)

Answer 12

(Site of synapse)
a) sympathetic trunk ganglia
b) cervical ganglia - cervicothoracic, middle, cranial
Targets - thoracic viscera, head, limbs

Question 13

Prevertebral ganglia (GVE LMN; 4)

Answer 13

• surrounding abdominal vessels
  a) celiac
  b) cranial mesenteric
  c) caudal mesenteric
  d) other - adrenal, renal, aortic

Question 14

Ramus communicans

Answer 14

Communication b/w sympathetic outflow and spinal nn. (Communicating branch)

Question 15

Peripheral innervation to trunk, limb structures, and viscera (GVE LMN; 4)

Answer 15

-sudomotor -> sweat gl.
-pilomotor -> arrector pili mm.
-vasomotor -> vascular smooth m. (Regulate diameter/tone in vascular system)
-sympathetic named nn.
Ex. preganglionic - major, minor, lumbar splanchnic nn.
postganglionic - hypogastric, vertebral nn.

Question 16

Sympathetic innervation of the head (8)

Answer 16

TL spinal cord: preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
Ramus communicans
Sympathetic trunk
Cervicothoracic ganglion
Ansa subclavia
Middle cervical ganglion
Vagosympathetic trunk
Cranial cervical ganglion: postganglionic cell bodies

Question 17

Horners syndrome

Answer 17

Loss of sympathetic innervation -> droopy eyelid, constricted pupil, eye may sink into orbit

Question 18

Craniosacral origin (GVE LMN)

Answer 18

• brainstem - nuclei of certain cranial nn.

- sacral spinal cord

Question 19

Cranial division summary (pre- and postganglionic cell bodies)

Answer 19

• preganglionic cell bodies in parasymp nuclei of CN 3, 7, 9, 10
• postganglionic cell bodies in either named or terminal ganglia

Question 20

Cranial division summary (pre- and postganglionic cell bodies)

Answer 20

• preganglionic cell bodies in parasymp nuclei of lateral horn area of sacral cord
• postganglionic cell bodies in either terminal ganglia or pelvic ganglion (repro/urinary/terminal part of GI)