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Cell Biology Term 1 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the exception to the dual autonomic innervation rule?

A

Skin and blood vessels only receive sympathetic inputs

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2
Q

What NT do sensory neurons in the CNS release?

A

Glutamate

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3
Q

What receptor does Ach act on to constrict the pupil?

What G protein is used?

A
  • M3

- Gq

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4
Q

What receptor does Epinephrine act on to dilate the eyes?

-What G protein is used?

A
  • Alpha 1

- Gq

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5
Q

Which neurotransmitter constricts the pupil?

A

-Acetylcholine

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6
Q

Which NT dilates the pupils?

A

-Epinephrine/NE

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7
Q

What is Mydriasis?

A

Dilation of the pupil

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8
Q

What is Miosis?

A

Constriction of the pupil

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9
Q

What is atropine? (Bella Donna)

A
  • Muscarinic blocker

- Dilates pupils

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10
Q

What type of G protein does M1, M3, M5 receptors trigger?

A

Gq

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11
Q

What type of G protein does M2 & M4 receptors trigger?

A

Gi

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12
Q

What type of G protein does Beta 1, 2, & 3 receptors trigger?

A

Gs

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13
Q

What type of G protein does alpha 1 receptors trigger?

A

Gq

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14
Q

What type of G protein does Alpha 2 receptor trigger?

A

Gi

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15
Q

Where are the main locations of baroreceptors & chemoreceptors in the circulatory system?

A

Aortic arch & carotid Bifurcation

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16
Q

What NT does any neuron that leaves the CNS release?

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

What NT does the sympathetic chain release on sweat glands?

A

Acetylcholine

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18
Q

What does AChE receycle ACh into?

A

-Acetate & choline

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NT reuptake transporters?

A

Sodium dependent Symporter

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20
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step in DA, NE, and epinephrine synthesis?

A

Tyrosine Hyrdoxylase

21
Q

Where is peripheral epinephrine made?

A

Adrenal medulla

22
Q

What are catecholamines degraded by?

A
  • COMT

- MAO

23
Q

What is the synthetic pathway of catecholamines?

A
  • L-tyrosine
  • L-Dopa
  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
24
Q

What byproduct is secreted when too much NE/epinephrine is being produced?

A

VMA in urine

Used to confirm tumor in adrenal medulla

25
Q

What are the side effects of MAO-Inhibitors?

A

High Blood pressure

26
Q

What are two bronchodilators (think receptors)?

A
  • Beta 2 agonist

- Muscarinic blocker

27
Q

What type of receptor and what action does albuterol act on?

A

-Beta 2 agonist

28
Q

What drugs are used to treat respiratory problems?

A
  • Beta 2 agonists
  • Muscarinic antagonists
  • Steroids
29
Q

What are the sympathetic receptors in the heart?

A

-Beta-1 for epinephrine

30
Q

What are the parasympathetic receptors in the heart

A

M2 for Ach

31
Q

What receptor does Ach bind to in the broncioles to constrict them? What G protein is used?

A

M3

Go

32
Q

Where are HCN (If) channels located?

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Conduction system of heart
33
Q

What passes throught HCN/If channels?

A

Na and K

34
Q

WHat leads to action potentials in AV node?

A
  • slow entry of NA+ through HCN channel and calcium entry via V-Ca channels
  • reaches threshold
35
Q

What keeps HCN channels open?

A
  • HYPERpolarization

- cAMP

36
Q

In human blood vessels, vascular tone is maintained by constant release by:

A

NE by sympathetic nerve terminals

37
Q

What factors increase renal blood flow to the kidneys?

A
  • DA
  • Prostaglandins
  • ANP/ANF
  • Bradykinin
38
Q

What factors decrease renal blood flow to the kidneys?

A
  • NE
  • Epinephrine
  • Renin
  • Angiotensin II
39
Q

What does renin do?

A

converts angiotensinogen into angiontensin I

40
Q

When is the RAAAS system activated?

A

-during emergency

41
Q

What is the RAAAS system?

A

-Renin, angiotensin, aldosterione, ADH System

42
Q

What does ACE do?

A

converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

43
Q

What receptor, when activated, relaxes the internal sphincter of the bladder?

A

M2

44
Q

What receptor, when activated, constricts the internal sphincter of the bladder?

A

Alpha 1

45
Q

The system responsible for body temperature control is:

A
  • Sympathetic

- Acetylcholine acts on M3 receptors

46
Q

What kind of current does the M2 receptor increase when activated?

A

K+ current through GIRK channels

47
Q

Where in the body are M2 receptors located?

A

SA/AV nodes

Internal sphincter of the bladder

48
Q

Where in the body are M3 receptors located?

A
  • Eye Sphincter
  • Bronchioles
  • Blood vessels
  • Bladder
  • Sweat Glands (Sympathetic)

Cell Biology Term 1 (7 decks)

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