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Neural Control of Exercising Muscle > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

fight or flight: prepares body for exercise

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2
Q

Sympathetic Stimulation

A

Increased heart rate, contractility, coronary vessel dilation

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3
Q

Peripheral vasodilation for blood flow to

A

sk. mm.

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4
Q

Vasoconstriction to divert blood to active sk. mm.

A

Increased blood pressure for perfusion and venous return

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5
Q

Bronchondilation

A

for ventilation and gas exchange

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6
Q

Increased metabolic rate and

A

glucose levels and FFA levels

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7
Q

Increased mental activity for

A

better perception and concentration

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System slows down

A

unrelated functions (e.g. renal function, digestion)

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9
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

rest and digest (active at rest, opposes sympathetic effects)

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10
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation includes

A

increased digestion, urination, conservation of energy, decreased heart rate, decreased diameter of vessels and airways

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11
Q

Sensory-Motor Integration

A

process of communication and interaction between sensory and motor systems

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12
Q

Sensory stimulus can give

A

rise to motor response

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13
Q

1st sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

A

Stimulus sensed by sensory receptor

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14
Q

2nd sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

A

Sensory AP send on sensory neurons to CNS

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15
Q

3rd sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

A

CNS interprets sensory information, sends out response

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16
Q

4th sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

A

Motor AP sent out on a-motor neurons

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17
Q

5th sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

A

arrives at skeletal muscle and response occurs

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18
Q

Sensory Input can be

A

integrated at many points in CNS

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19
Q

Complexity of integration increases

A

with ascent through CNS (Spinal cord, Lower brain Stem, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex [Primary Sensory Cortex])

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20
Q

Motor Reflex

A

fastest mode of response

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21
Q

Impulse does not travel up

A

to the brain (end in spinal cord)

22
Q

Impulse integrated at

A

lower, simple levels

23
Q

Motor reflex is

A

instant, preprogrammed response to a given stimulus, only one response is possible

24
Q

Impulse only occurs

A

before conscious awareness

25
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

group of 4 -20 small, specialized intrafusal muscle fibers

26
Q

Muscle Spindles are different from

A

normal (extrafusal) muscle fibers

27
Q

Muscles Spindes are innervated by

A

y- motor neurons

28
Q

Y-motor neurons can cause

A

slight contraction of the ends (pre-stretch)

29
Q

This makes muscle spindle

A

highly sensitive to stretch

30
Q

Central region contains

A

no or few actin and myosin (can not contract, only stretch)

31
Q

Sensory nerve endings wrap

A

around central region (monitors length of muscle)

32
Q

When stretched, muscle spindle sensory neuron can be

A

stimulated

33
Q

Synapses in spinal cord with an

A

a-motor neuron

34
Q

Stimulation from muscle spindle neuron can be trigger

A

reflex muscle contraction

35
Q

Prevents further stretch or

A

protection from rapid stench (stretch reflex (e.g. knee-jerk reflex)

36
Q

Sensory-Motor Integrations

A

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

37
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

A

5 to 25 muscle fibers attached to each GTO

38
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) are sensitive

A

to tension in tendon

39
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs are important

A

in resistance exercise (safety devices)

40
Q

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs

A

inhibit agonists, excite antagonists

41
Q

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs safety mechanism

A

that prevents excessive tension in muscle/tendon

42
Q

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs reduce

A

potential for injury in resistance exercise

43
Q

Motor Response

A

a-Motor neuron carries AP to muscle

44
Q

AP spreads to

A

muscle fibers of motor unit

45
Q

Fine motor control

A

fewer fibers per motor unit (Extraocular)

46
Q

Extraocular muscles have

A

innervation ratio of 1:15

47
Q

Gross motor control

A

more fibers per motor unit (Gastrocnemius)

48
Q

Gastrocnemius has

A

innervation ratio of 1:2000

49
Q

Homogeneity of Motor units

A

fiber types not mixed within a given motor unit

50
Q

Homogeneity of Motor units 2

A

either type I fibers or type II fibers

Neural Control of Exercising Muscle (4 decks)

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