Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 1

fight or flight: prepares body for exercise

Question 2

Sympathetic Stimulation

Answer 2

Increased heart rate, contractility, coronary vessel dilation

Question 3

Peripheral vasodilation for blood flow to

Answer 3

sk. mm.

Question 4

Vasoconstriction to divert blood to active sk. mm.

Answer 4

Increased blood pressure for perfusion and venous return

Question 5

Bronchondilation

Answer 5

for ventilation and gas exchange

Question 6

Increased metabolic rate and

Answer 6

glucose levels and FFA levels

Question 7

Increased mental activity for

Answer 7

better perception and concentration

Question 8

Autonomic Nervous System slows down

Answer 8

unrelated functions (e.g. renal function, digestion)

Question 9

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 9

rest and digest (active at rest, opposes sympathetic effects)

Question 10

Parasympathetic stimulation includes

Answer 10

increased digestion, urination, conservation of energy, decreased heart rate, decreased diameter of vessels and airways

Question 11

Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 11

process of communication and interaction between sensory and motor systems

Question 12

Sensory stimulus can give

Answer 12

rise to motor response

Question 13

1st sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 13

Stimulus sensed by sensory receptor

Question 14

2nd sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 14

Sensory AP send on sensory neurons to CNS

Question 15

3rd sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 15

CNS interprets sensory information, sends out response

Question 16

4th sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 16

Motor AP sent out on a-motor neurons

Question 17

5th sequential step of Sensory-Motor Integration

Answer 17

arrives at skeletal muscle and response occurs

Question 18

Sensory Input can be

Answer 18

integrated at many points in CNS

Question 19

Complexity of integration increases

Answer 19

with ascent through CNS (Spinal cord, Lower brain Stem, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex [Primary Sensory Cortex])

Question 20

Motor Reflex

Answer 20

fastest mode of response

Question 21

Impulse does not travel up

Answer 21

to the brain (end in spinal cord)

Question 22

Impulse integrated at

Answer 22

lower, simple levels

Question 23

Motor reflex is

Answer 23

instant, preprogrammed response to a given stimulus, only one response is possible

Question 24

Impulse only occurs

Answer 24

before conscious awareness

Question 25

Muscle Spindles

Answer 25

group of 4 -20 small, specialized intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 26

Muscle Spindles are different from

Answer 26

normal (extrafusal) muscle fibers

Question 27

Muscles Spindes are innervated by

Answer 27

y- motor neurons

Question 28

Y-motor neurons can cause

Answer 28

slight contraction of the ends (pre-stretch)

Question 29

This makes muscle spindle

Answer 29

highly sensitive to stretch

Question 30

Central region contains

Answer 30

no or few actin and myosin (can not contract, only stretch)

Question 31

Sensory nerve endings wrap

Answer 31

around central region (monitors length of muscle)

Question 32

When stretched, muscle spindle sensory neuron can be

Answer 32

stimulated

Question 33

Synapses in spinal cord with an

Answer 33

a-motor neuron

Question 34

Stimulation from muscle spindle neuron can be trigger

Answer 34

reflex muscle contraction

Question 35

Prevents further stretch or

Answer 35

protection from rapid stench (stretch reflex (e.g. knee-jerk reflex)

Question 36

Sensory-Motor Integrations

Answer 36

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

Question 37

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

Answer 37

5 to 25 muscle fibers attached to each GTO

Question 38

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) are sensitive

Answer 38

to tension in tendon

Question 39

Golgi Tendon Organs are important

Answer 39

in resistance exercise (safety devices)

Question 40

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs

Answer 40

inhibit agonists, excite antagonists

Question 41

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs safety mechanism

Answer 41

that prevents excessive tension in muscle/tendon

Question 42

When stimulated by excessive tension, Golgi tendon organs reduce

Answer 42

potential for injury in resistance exercise

Question 43

Motor Response

Answer 43

a-Motor neuron carries AP to muscle

Question 44

AP spreads to

Answer 44

muscle fibers of motor unit

Question 45

Fine motor control

Answer 45

fewer fibers per motor unit (Extraocular)

Question 46

Extraocular muscles have

Answer 46

innervation ratio of 1:15

Question 47

Gross motor control

Answer 47

more fibers per motor unit (Gastrocnemius)

Question 48

Gastrocnemius has

Answer 48

innervation ratio of 1:2000

Question 49

Homogeneity of Motor units

Answer 49

fiber types not mixed within a given motor unit

Question 50

Homogeneity of Motor units 2

Answer 50

either type I fibers or type II fibers