Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Where are pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?
In the Intermediate Lateral Gray Horn
At what levels do Greater splanchnic nerves arise from?
T5-T9
Least splanchnic nerves arise from what level to supply the lower abdomen and genitals?
L1- L3
Small splanchnic nerves arise from what level?
T10-T12
Fill in the blanks . “ _______ sympathetic nerves supply the neck and thoracic region?
T2-T4
Which sympathetic nerves pass up the inferior, middle & superior cervical ganglion to supply the head distributed with blood vessels?
T1
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres that leave via the gray rami commincans are distributed to what areas?
*Eccrine sweat glands
*Piloerector muscles
*Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles
Which nerve supplies the Coeliac ganglion?
Greater splanchnic nerves
Which nerve supplies the Inferior mesenteric ganglion?
Least splanchnic nerve
“ least you’re inferior”
Fill in the blanks.”The superior mesenteric ganglion is supplied by______.”
Small(Lesser) splanchnic nerve
Where is the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase found?
Neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells
What malignant growth can occur on Chromaffin cells?
Pheochromocytoma
Fill in the blanks.”Preganglionic fibres by-passes all ganglia and via _________- synapses directly on neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells of the medulla.
Small splanchnic nerves
Which tissues do not receive dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?
Adrenal medulla,
Pilomotor muscles,
Radial muscles of the iris,
Blood vessels in skin & skeletal muscles
Ciliary muscles of the lens of eye
Penile blood vessels
What is Synergism?
Simultaneous stimulation of both divisions results in an increased effect
(i.e. the combined effect is greater than the sum of each effect)
What are examples of Synergism displayed in the body?
Salivation,
Secretion by exocrine glands of the gut,
Copulation
Which of the brain controls your reflexes and vital automatic functions
known as the “Vital Centres”?
Brain Stem
Which part of the Central Nervous system coordinates autonomic components of emotional experience and expression?
The Limbic System
Which part of the brain has the highest level of control of the ANS?
Hypothalamus &Cerebral cortex
Which part of the brain is the control centre for sympathetic preganglionic neurons ?
Ventrolateral Medulla
True or False? The Midbrain participates in respiratory & cardiovascular control.
FALSE!!! Parabrachial nucleus (PONS) does this.
Which part of the brain coordinates ANS response to painful stimuli?
Periaqueductal grey matter
(Midbrain)
How does the Hypothalamus control the ANS?
It has control of Thermal & Nutritive economies, Neuroendocrine regulation, Behavioural activities relating to reproduction.
Where is the Edinger- Westphal nucleus located?
The Midbrain
True or False? The Nucleus Ambigious is found in the midbrain.
FALSE!! It is found in the medulla
Which part of the brain receives afferents from cardiac, respiratory & GI receptors?
N. Tractus solitarius
What organs are innervated by the celiac ganglion?
Foregut - Stomach, Liver,Pancreas , Spleen
(T5-T9)
What organs are innervated by the Superior Mesenteric ganglion?
Midgut- Small Intestine ,Colon
(T10-T12)
What organs are innervated by the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion?
Hindgut - Colon, Kidney,Bladder,Sex organs
(L1- L3)
What are SIF’s?
Small Intensely Fluorescent Cells(SIF).-These are interneurons which stain fluorescent yellow. - Indicates that they contain catecholamines and release them when stimulated.
Fill in the blanks. When SIF cells release ______ , they bind to _____ producing a _______.
When SIF cells release DOPAMINE, they bind to the D2 receptors producing a SLOW IPSP.
True or False? A slow EPSP is generated by the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors in the SIF cell.
TRUE!
What is the co-transmitters that are released when Acetylchoine binds to muscarinic receptors?
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide(VIP)
Nitric oxide(NO)
What is the function of VasoactiveIntestinalPeptide(VIP)
ATP ?
Increases vasodilation in the area.
Which co transmitters are released when Nor-Epineprine and Epinephrine binds to alpha and beta receptors?
Neuropeptide Y
ATP
Fill in the blanks. “ Electrical stimulation of the 4th ventricle produces an increase in _____”
- Bloodpressure
- Heartrate
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- Secretion of epinephrine
What is known as a major step in emptying the bladder?
Contraction of the detrusor muscle.
What is the nerve supply to the bladder?
Pelvic nerves
What part of the brain facilitates the micuration reflex?
Pons and posterior hypothalamus
What part of the Brain Is known as the hunger centre?
Lateral hypothalamus
Which part of the brain inhibits the hunger centre?
Ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus (Saiety centre)
Where are barorecpetors located ?
Aortic arch
Carotid sinus
Systemic arteries
Where are vasomotor centres located ?
In the lower 1/3 pons and reticular substance- medulla
