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Neuroscience > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where are pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

A

In the Intermediate Lateral Gray Horn

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2
Q

At what levels do Greater splanchnic nerves arise from?

A

T5-T9

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3
Q

Least splanchnic nerves arise from what level to supply the lower abdomen and genitals?

A

L1- L3

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4
Q

Small splanchnic nerves arise from what level?

A

T10-T12

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5
Q

Fill in the blanks . “ _______ sympathetic nerves supply the neck and thoracic region?

A

T2-T4

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6
Q

Which sympathetic nerves pass up the inferior, middle & superior cervical ganglion to supply the head distributed with blood vessels?

A

T1

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7
Q

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres that leave via the gray rami commincans are distributed to what areas?

A

*Eccrine sweat glands
*Piloerector muscles
*Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the Coeliac ganglion?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies the Inferior mesenteric ganglion?

A

Least splanchnic nerve
“ least you’re inferior”

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10
Q

Fill in the blanks.”The superior mesenteric ganglion is supplied by______.”

A

Small(Lesser) splanchnic nerve

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11
Q

Where is the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase found?

A

Neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells

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12
Q

What malignant growth can occur on Chromaffin cells?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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13
Q

Fill in the blanks.”Preganglionic fibres by-passes all ganglia and via _________- synapses directly on neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells of the medulla.

A

Small splanchnic nerves

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14
Q

Which tissues do not receive dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

A

Adrenal medulla,
Pilomotor muscles,
Radial muscles of the iris,
Blood vessels in skin & skeletal muscles

Ciliary muscles of the lens of eye
Penile blood vessels

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15
Q

What is Synergism?

A

Simultaneous stimulation of both divisions results in an increased effect
(i.e. the combined effect is greater than the sum of each effect)

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16
Q

What are examples of Synergism displayed in the body?

A

Salivation,
Secretion by exocrine glands of the gut,
Copulation

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17
Q

Which of the brain controls your reflexes and vital automatic functions
known as the “Vital Centres”?

A

Brain Stem

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18
Q

Which part of the Central Nervous system coordinates autonomic components of emotional experience and expression?

A

The Limbic System

19
Q

Which part of the brain has the highest level of control of the ANS?

A

Hypothalamus &Cerebral cortex

20
Q

Which part of the brain is the control centre for sympathetic preganglionic neurons ?

A

Ventrolateral Medulla

21
Q

True or False? The Midbrain participates in respiratory & cardiovascular control.

A

FALSE!!! Parabrachial nucleus (PONS) does this.

22
Q

Which part of the brain coordinates ANS response to painful stimuli?

A

Periaqueductal grey matter
(Midbrain)

23
Q

How does the Hypothalamus control the ANS?

A

It has control of Thermal & Nutritive economies, Neuroendocrine regulation, Behavioural activities relating to reproduction.

24
Q

Where is the Edinger- Westphal nucleus located?

A

The Midbrain

25
Q

True or False? The Nucleus Ambigious is found in the midbrain.

A

FALSE!! It is found in the medulla

26
Q

Which part of the brain receives afferents from cardiac, respiratory & GI receptors?

A

N. Tractus solitarius

27
Q

What organs are innervated by the celiac ganglion?

A

Foregut - Stomach, Liver,Pancreas , Spleen
(T5-T9)

28
Q

What organs are innervated by the Superior Mesenteric ganglion?

A

Midgut- Small Intestine ,Colon
(T10-T12)

29
Q

What organs are innervated by the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion?

A

Hindgut - Colon, Kidney,Bladder,Sex organs
(L1- L3)

30
Q

What are SIF’s?

A

Small Intensely Fluorescent Cells(SIF).-These are interneurons which stain fluorescent yellow. - Indicates that they contain catecholamines and release them when stimulated.

31
Q

Fill in the blanks. When SIF cells release ______ , they bind to _____ producing a _______.

A

When SIF cells release DOPAMINE, they bind to the D2 receptors producing a SLOW IPSP.

32
Q

True or False? A slow EPSP is generated by the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors in the SIF cell.

A

TRUE!

33
Q

What is the co-transmitters that are released when Acetylchoine binds to muscarinic receptors?

A

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide(VIP)
Nitric oxide(NO)

34
Q

What is the function of VasoactiveIntestinalPeptide(VIP)
ATP ?

A

Increases vasodilation in the area.

35
Q

Which co transmitters are released when Nor-Epineprine and Epinephrine binds to alpha and beta receptors?

A

Neuropeptide Y
ATP

36
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ Electrical stimulation of the 4th ventricle produces an increase in _____”

A
  • Bloodpressure
  • Heartrate
  • Peripheral vasoconstriction
  • Secretion of epinephrine
37
Q

What is known as a major step in emptying the bladder?

A

Contraction of the detrusor muscle.

38
Q

What is the nerve supply to the bladder?

A

Pelvic nerves

39
Q

What part of the brain facilitates the micuration reflex?

A

Pons and posterior hypothalamus

40
Q

What part of the Brain Is known as the hunger centre?

A

Lateral hypothalamus

41
Q

Which part of the brain inhibits the hunger centre?

A

Ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus (Saiety centre)

42
Q

Where are barorecpetors located ?

A

Aortic arch
Carotid sinus
Systemic arteries

43
Q

Where are vasomotor centres located ?

A

In the lower 1/3 pons and reticular substance- medulla

Neuroscience (6 decks)

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