Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Two systems of neurone

Answer 1

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

Origin of parasympathetic

Answer 2

Cranial sacral

Question 3

Origin of sympathetic

Answer 3

Thoracic lumbar

Question 4

Location of ganglia for ps and s system

Answer 4

Parasympathetic - ganglia in target organ
Sympathetic- ganglia next to spinal cord

Question 5

All preganglionic are lightly myelinated - true or false

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Parasympathetic has long or short first nerve?

Answer 6

Long

Question 7

Cranial nerve x known as?

Answer 7

Vagus nerve

Question 8

Receptor at ganglia is called?

Answer 8

Nicotinic

Question 9

At preganglia this neurotransmitter is released

Answer 9

Acetylcholine

Question 10

Final chemical produced by sympathetic

Answer 10

Noradrenaline

Question 11

Final chemical of parasympathetic

Answer 11

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Increase cardiac rate and force is what effect?

Answer 12

Sympathetic

Question 13

What type of effect is sweat?

Answer 13

Sympathetic effect

Question 14

Sympathetic target what receptors?

Answer 14

Adrenoreceptors

Question 15

Example of 5 adrenoceptors

Answer 15

a1, a2, B1, B2,B3

Question 16

Parasympathetic target what receptors?

Answer 16

Muscarinic

Question 17

Types of muscarinic receptors (5)

Answer 17

M1, M2, M3, M4,M5

Question 18

What adrenoreceptors are galphas linked?

Answer 18

B1, B2, B3

Question 19

Increased PLC targets what adrenoreceptor?

Answer 19

a1

Question 20

What adrenoreceptor is galphai linked?

Answer 20

a2

Question 21

When activated protein kinase A do what?

Answer 21

Increase calcium release, activate potassium channels, increase calcium influx

Question 22

Faster heart rate and more forceful contraction caused by what adrenoceptor?

Answer 22

B1

Question 23

What does increased cAMP do (linked to heart)?

Answer 23

Activate protein kinase A, direct stimulation of ‘pacemaker’ ion channels

Question 24

What effect does a1 adrenoreceptor have?

Answer 24

Smooth muscle contraction, artery narrowing, radial smooth muscle contraction , widening of pupils

Question 25

PIP2 hydrolysis does what? , same for arteries and pupil

Answer 25

Broken down into IP3 (increases calcium release) and DAG (increase calcium influx) = smooth muscle contraction

Question 26

What effect does b2 adrenoreceptor have?

Answer 26

Smoothmuscle relaxation, airway and artery widening, bladder filling

Question 27

Effect of activated protein kinase A by b2 adrenoreceptors

Answer 27

Potassium channel activated, imnibition of GO mechanism in sm contraction

Question 28

What receptor involved in breakdown of glycogen, inhibition of glycogen formation and breakdown of lipids?

Answer 28

B2/ b3 adrenoreceptor

Question 29

Activated protein kinase A by b1/b2 does what?

Answer 29

Modulate various enzymes