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Introduction to NeuroPhysiology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

PNS
nervous system that itsn’t brain and spinal cord
contains autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Motor Efferents

A

motor neurons

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4
Q

Autonomic Motor Neurons

A

Motor neurons that move without our own input

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5
Q

Somatic Motor Neurons

A

Voluntary motor neurons

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6
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

SANS
best known for fight or flight
dilates pupils, inhibits salvation, relaxes airways, constrict blood vessels, accelerates heartbeat, stimulate sweat production, stimulates glucose production, stimulates secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine, inhibits voiding(pooping), stimulates ejaculation, stimulates orgasm, piloerection

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7
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

ENS
intestinal walls, helps to digest food via peristalsis

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

PANS
best known for rest and digest
constricts pupils, stimulates salivation, constricts airways, slows heartbeat, stimulates bile release and digestion, stimulates secretion, promotes voiding, and stimulates erection.

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9
Q

Organisation of SANS

A

Has segmental chain ganglia due to somites
no axons from brain or cervical/sacral spinal cord (all centre based)
three midline ganglia
short preganglionic and long post ganglionic nerves

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10
Q

Ganglion

A

a group of neuron cell bodies

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11
Q

Somites

A

precursor populations of cells that give rise to important structures associated with the vertebrate body plan and will eventually differentiate into dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae

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12
Q

Organisations of PANS

A

Output in cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord (end areas of stem)
no segmental ganglia
ganglia close to targets
long pre ganglionic and short post ganglionic nerves

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13
Q

Sympathetic NTs

A

Usually neuroepinephrine, sometimes ACh (used in sweat glands due to late developmental switch

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14
Q

Parasympathetic NTs

A

ACh

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15
Q

Sympathetic Neuromodulators

A

Enkephalin, ATP, Na, Neuropeptide Y, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin

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16
Q

Parasympathetic Neuromodulators

A

ACh, Vasoactive Intenstinal Polypeptide, NO, ATP, Neuropeptide Y, Dynorphin, Somatostatin

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17
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Sweating a lot
sympathetic chain may be cut or injected with botulinum toxin to treat

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18
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglion

A

Sympathetic ganglion connected to head

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19
Q

Middle Cervical and stellate ganglia

A

Sympathatic ganglia connected to heart and lungs

20
Q

Pre-vertebral ganglia

A

sympathetic ganglia connected to abdominal and pelvic organs

21
Q

Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves

A

III Oculomotor
VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus

22
Q

III Oculomotor

A

iris control

23
Q

VII Facial

A

tear and salivary glands

24
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

parotid salivary gland

25
Q

X Vagus

A

heart, lungs, and viscera

26
Q

Iris Control

A

Superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic dilates
cillary ganglion of parasympathetic constricts

27
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs

A

Amphetamines
Dilate pupils

28
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Tumour at apex of lung
leads to Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis, and Hyperemia

29
Q

Ptosis

A

droppy eyelids

30
Q

Miosis

A

constricted pupils

31
Q

anhydrosis

A

can’t sweat

32
Q

Hyperemia

A

flushed skin

33
Q

Lacrimation

A

Tears
controlled via VII facial nerve

34
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

part of parasympathetic facial nerve VII
regulates secretions of the lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa

35
Q

Submandibular

A

part of parasympathetic facial nerve VII
submandibular ganglion regulates secretions of submandibular and sublingual gland

36
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

A

otic ganglion for parotid gland - controls salivary secretion

37
Q

Heart rate

A

driven by CNS; when heart rate increases force of contraction and electrical conductance increase aswell

38
Q

Bronchodilation

A

Bronchodilators are a type of medication that make breathing easier, relax lung muscles which are constricted by PANS

39
Q

Danger response

A

PANS
Danger goes to spinal cord to greater sphanchnic nerve which is stimulates via adrenal medulla = adrenaline release

40
Q

Chromaffin cells and SANS neurons

A

common developmental origin so they both are adrenal glands

41
Q

Sympathomimetic actions during flight/fight

A

Pupils dilate via alpha1
Heart rate increases via beta1
Blood vessels contract by Peripheral vasoconstriction (alpha) and muscles vasodilation (beta2)
Kidney secrete renin via beta2
Lungs dilate via beta2
Glycogenolysis (beta2 and alpha)
Gluconeogenesis(beta 2 and alpha)
lipolysis beta 2 and 3 (maybe)
saliva secretion via alpha
gi tract decreases in motility beta2 and sphincters contract via alpha

42
Q

Baroreflex

A

maintains blood pressure

43
Q

Mictrurition reflex

A

pissing

44
Q

Male genital reflexes

A

Erection is PANS and ejaculation is SANA

45
Q

Defecation reflex

A

shitting

46
Q

Peristalsis

A

Food in gut leads to serotonin release that stimulates the submucosal plexus that stimulates myenteric plexus = digestion

47
Q

Megacolon

A

Defective nerve plexus due to hirschpring’s disease or congenital megacolon - looks very grpss

Introduction to NeuroPhysiology (6 decks)

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