Autonomic Innervation of the Eye

Question 1

Ciliary muscle control

Answer 1

parasympathetic

Question 2

Mydriasis

Answer 2

contracts pupillary dilator muscle

alpha-1 receptor NE

Question 3

Alpha-1 receptor agonist use

Answer 3

pupillary dialation

Question 4

Superior tarsal muscle receptor

Answer 4

alpha-1 receptor NE

Question 5

Parasympathetic receptor type

Answer 5

mAChR

Question 6

What muscle contracts in parasympathetic innervation of the eye?

Answer 6

ciliary muscle contraction

pupil constricts

Question 7

Sympathomimetics

Answer 7

mimic sympathetic effects

Question 8

Parasympathetic antagonist: the classic

Answer 8

atropine

Question 9

Atropine

Answer 9

parasympathetic antagonist

Question 10

What is the mechanism of cocaine with regards to the eye?

Answer 10

blocks neuronal reuptake of NE

keeps pupil dialated

Question 11

What is the mechanism of amphetamines with regards to the eye?

Answer 11

promotes fusion of NE vesicles

Question 12

Pathophys of Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 12

CNS/PNS damage to sympathetic nerve

Question 13

What is phenylephrine?

Answer 13

alpha-1 agonist

Question 14

Phenylephrine use

Answer 14

eye dilation

Question 15

You give cocaine and the pupil dilates, what does that mean?

Answer 15

sympathetic innervation is intact

Question 16

You give amphetamines and the pupil dilates, what does that mean?

Answer 16

postganglionic nerve is intact

Question 17

You give cocaine and the pupil does not dilate but amphetamines do dilate pupil, what does that mean?

Answer 17

uh-oh

you probably cut the postganglionic sympathetic nerve

Question 18

Where are nAChR located in sympathetic response?

Answer 18

cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetics*

Question 19

Pilocarpine

Answer 19

muscarinic antagonist

Question 20

If eye does not respond to pilocarpine, where is the problem?

Answer 20

in the eye

Question 21

If eye does respond to pilocarpine with miosis, where must the problem be?

Answer 21

third nerve palsy

Question 22

What sympathetic receptor does the ciliary muscle use and what is the sympathetic response?

Answer 22

beta-2 receptor for NE

response is ciliary muscle relaxation

Question 23

What sympathetic receptor does the superior tarsal muscle use and what is the sympathetic response?

Answer 23

alpha-1 receptor for NE

contraction of muscle, eyelid opening

Question 24

Action of phenylephrine

Answer 24

direct stimulation of alpha-1 androgenic receptors

Question 25

What is latanoprost and what is it used for?

Answer 25

prostaglandin derivative

Tx of glaucoma

Question 26

Acetazolamide mechanism of action in glaucoma

Answer 26

CA inhibitor

protons cannot be used to exchange for Na+ from blood that can be used to pump into aqueous humor