Autonomic & Endocrine Systems

Question 1

What’s information going from PNS to CNS called?

Answer 1

Sensory (afferent) neurons.

Question 2

What’s information going from CNS to PNS called?

Answer 2

Motor (efferent) neurons.

Question 3

What do nerves do?

Answer 3

Coordinate our actions and bodily functions.

Question 4

What bodily responses occur in the Heart from The Alarm Response?

Answer 4

Increase rate and contraction force.

Question 5

What bodily responses occur in the Eyes from The Alarm Response?

Answer 5

Pupils dilate.

Question 6

What bodily responses occur in the Mouth from The Alarm Response?

Answer 6

Saliva decreases.

Question 7

What bodily responses occur in the Lungs from The Alarm Response?

Answer 7

Bronchi dilate and you breathe faster.

Question 8

What bodily responses occur in the Skin from The Alarm Response?

Answer 8

• Peripheral blood vessels constrict.
• Arrector pili muscles contract.
• Sweat secretion increases.

Question 9

What bodily responses occur in the Gut from The Alarm Response?

Answer 9

• Digestion decreases.
• Blood sugar increases.
• Blood pressure & water retention increases.

Question 10

What bodily responses occur in the Heart from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 10

Decrease rate and contraction force.

Question 11

What bodily responses occur in the Eyes from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 11

Pupils contract.

Question 12

What bodily responses occur in the Mouth from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 12

Saliva increases.

Question 13

What bodily responses occur in the Lungs from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 13

Bronchi constrict and you breathe more slowly.

Question 14

What bodily responses occur in the Skin from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 14

Peripheral blood vessels dilate.

Question 15

What bodily responses occur in the Gut from The Relaxation Response?

Answer 15

Digestion increases.

Question 16

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 16

• It is “self-governing”.
• It controls body’s internal responses.

Question 17

What is the Sympathetic Division associated with?

Answer 17

• Excercise.
• Emotion.
• Excitement.
  (Alarm response)

Question 18

What is the Parasympathetic Division associated with?

Answer 18

• Repletion.
• Rest.
• Relaxation.
  (Relaxation response)

Question 19

What is the difference between Autonomic & Somatic with Sensory input?

Answer 19

Autonomic = Interoceptors (internal sensing).

Somatic = Special & Somatic senses.

Question 20

What is the difference between Autonomic & Somatic with Control of output?

Answer 20

Autonomic = Involuntary: Limbic system, Hypothalamus, Brain stem, Spinal cord.

Somatic = Voluntary: Cerebral cortex.

Question 21

What is the difference between Autonomic & Somatic with Effectors?

Answer 21

Autonomic = Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Glands.

Somatic = Skeletal muscle.

Question 22

What is the difference between Autonomic & Somatic with their Motor neuron pathway?

Answer 22

Autonomic = Two-neuron pathway: Pre and Post ganglionic.

Somatic = One-neuron pathway.

Question 23

What is the difference between Autonomic & Somatic with Neurotransmitters?

Answer 23

Autonomic = Acetylcholine & Norepinephrine.

Somatic = Acetylcholine.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Raynaud Disease?

Answer 24

• Excessive sympathetic stimulation following emotional stress or exposure to cold.
• Chronic vasoconstriction.
• Fingers and toes become ischemic (lack of blood) and appear white.

Question 25

How does the Hypothalamus control internal organs?

Answer 25

Via the autonomic nervous system & the pituitary gland.

Question 26

What does the Hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 26

• Behavioural patterns.
• Circadian rhythm (sleep/ wake cycles).
• Body temperature.
• Eating and drinking.

Question 27

What’s an example of the Importance of Inducibility?

Answer 27

Cholera.

Question 28

What’s the Cholera mechanism?

Answer 28

• Locks G protein in activated state.
• High cAMP.
• Pumps chloride ions into intestines.
• Water follows out.
• Chronic diarrhoea.