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Pharmacology > Autonomic/cardio general info > Flashcards

Autonomic/cardio general info Flashcards

0
Q

Just parasympathetic

A

Ciliary muscle, sublingual gland

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1
Q

Just sympathetic

A

Ventricle, sweat glands, pilomotor fibers, adrenal gland, blood vessels

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2
Q

Synergistic ANS

A

Pupillary diameter, male sex organs

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3
Q

Nicotinic cholinergic receptors

A

Neuromuscular and preganglionic

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4
Q

Muscarinic adrenergic

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic and sweat glands

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5
Q

NE released from…

A

Postganglionic sympathetic, adrenal medulla, some CNS neurons

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6
Q

Rate limiting step of ACh formation

A

Choline transport via Na dependent choline transporter

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7
Q

Rate limiting step of catecholamine synthesis

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase (tyrosine to DOPA)

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8
Q

Conversion of Dopamine to NE is done by…

A

Dopamine-B-hydroxylase

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9
Q

Type of G protein
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta

A

Alpha 1: Gq
Alpha 2: Gi
Beta: Gs

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10
Q

Alpha sensitivity to catelcholamines

A

Epi>NE>isoproterenol

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11
Q

Beta sensitivity

A

Isoproterenol>Epi=NE

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12
Q

Phenyleprine relative affinity

A

Alpha agonist

A1>A2»»>B

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13
Q

Clonidine relative affinity

A

Alpha agonist

A2>A1»»>B

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14
Q

NE relative affinity

A

Mixed agonist

A1=A2 B1»B2

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15
Q

Epinephrine relative affinity

A

Mixed agonist

Equal for all

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16
Q

Dobutamine relative affinity

A

Beta agonist

B1>B2»»a

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17
Q

Isoproterenol relative affinity

A

Beta agonist

Equal for B»»alpha

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18
Q

Albuterol, terbutaline, salmeterol relative affinities

A

Beta agonists

B2»B1»»»a

19
Q

Generations of beta blockers

A

1st generation: non selective beta blockers
2nd generation: selective for B1
3rd generation: non selective with A1 antagonism

20
Q

When to use selective B1 blocker

A

Bronchospasm, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, or Raynaud’s phenomenon

21
Q

Location of M1 receptors

A

Autonomic ganglia and CNS

IP3, DAG Gq pathway

22
Q

Location of M2 receptors

A

Myocardium, smooth muscles, autonomic nerve terminals

Inhibits adenylate cyclase Gi pathway

23
Q

Location of M3 receptors

A

Smooth muscles, eye and secretory glands

Gq

24
Q

Location of M4 receptors

A

CNS

Gi pathway

25
Q

Location of M5 receptors

A

Low levels in CNS

Gq pathway

26
Q

Safe for public use insecticide

27
Q

SLUDGE

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI disturbances
Eye miosis
28
Q

Mydriatics

A

Dilate the pupils
Phenylephrine short duration
Atropine long duration

29
Q

Cycloplegics

A

Drugs that paralyze ciliary muscle
Cyclopentoate 1 day duration
Tropicamide 5-6 hour duration

30
Q

Glaucoma IOP

A

> 30 mm Hg

31
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

Imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of the heart

32
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

33
Q

Myocardial stunning

A

Brief period of myocardial ischemia causing a prolonged impairment of myocardial dysfunction with a gradual return to normal function

34
Q

Myocardial hibernation

A

Reduction in myocardial contractility to match reduced oxygen supply

35
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac cells due to myocardial ischemia

36
Q

Chronic stable angina

A

atherosclerosis

Exertion angina

37
Q

Variant angina

A

Spasm of coronary vessel

38
Q

Unstable angina

A

Non occlusive coronary thrombus

Acute coronary syndrome

39
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Occlusive coronary thrombus

Acute coronary thrombus

40
Q

Physiological responses to myocardial failure

A

Ventricular dilatation and neurohormonal activation within mins
Myocardial remodeling in weeks to months

41
Q

Main Drugs used to treat chronic heart failure

A

Diuretics, renin angiotensin system inhibitors, beta blockers, Aldosterone antagonists

42
Q

Drugs to treat acutely decompensated heart failure

A

Diuretics, nitrates, beta agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

43
Q

Arrhythmias caused by

A

Alterations in extra cellular electrolyte concentrations
Neuronal, hormonal or drug actions on the heart
Intrinsic changes in the electrical properties of cardiac contractile or specialized conducting tissue

44
Q

Equation of circulation

A

Mean arterial pressure=COx TPR

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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