Antibiotics, Cancer And Antivirals Random facts

Question 0

Bacterostatic + bacterostatic

Answer 0

No synergy

Sometimes additive

Question 1

Bacterocidal + bacterocidal

Answer 1

Sometimes synergistic

Almost always additive

Question 2

Bacterocidal + bacterostatic

Answer 2

Bacterostatic drug inhibits bacterocidal drug

Question 3

Not inhibited by bacterostatic drug

Answer 3

Polymixin

MOA does not depend on organism replicating

Question 4

Conjugation

Answer 4

Bacteria sex

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

Pickup DNA from virus

Question 6

Transformation

Answer 6

Picks up DNA from environment

Question 7

Ph that I activates penicillins

Answer 7

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Question 8

Acid stable penicillins

Answer 8

Phenoxymethyl penicillin
Dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin
Amoxacillin

Question 9

Not sensitive to Penicillinase

Answer 9

Methicillin
Dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin
Nafcillin

Question 10

Broad spectrum penicillins

Answer 10

Ticaricillom
Amoxacillin
Piperacillin
Carbenicillin
Azlocillin

Question 11

Antibiotics effective against anaerobes

Answer 11

Piperacillin
Clindamycin
Imipenem
3rd gen cephalosporins

Question 12

First gen cephalosporins

Answer 12

Cephalexin (oral)
Cephazolin (Im)
Similar to broad spectrum penicillins
Not effective against anaerobes

Question 13

2nd gen cephalosporins

Answer 13

Cefaclor

More effective against gram -

Question 14

3rd gen cephalosporins

Answer 14

Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Less effective against gram (+)
More effective against gram - and anaerobes 
Distributes to CNS

Question 15

4th gen cephalosporins

Answer 15

Cefepime

Question 16

Function of 14-alpha-sterol demethylase

Answer 16

Lanosterol to ergosterol

Blocked by anole anti fungal drugs

Question 17

Function of squalene epoxidase

Answer 17

Squalene to lanosterol
Blocked by allylamine anti fungal drugs
Terbinafine

Question 18

Enhances NMJ blocking drugs

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides

Question 19

Oral tetracycline

Answer 19

Minocycline

Question 20

Preferred during pregnancy tetracycline

Answer 20

Oxytetracycline

Question 21

Chloramphenicol associated bone marrow suppression

Answer 21

Marrow: normlcellular
Blood: anemia 
Dose response: dose related
Time of appearance: during treatment
Symptoms: anemia
Prognosis: recovery

Question 22

Chloramphenicol associated aplastic anemia

Answer 22

Marrow: hypo plastic, aplastic
Blood: pancytopenia
Dose response: not dose related
Time of appearance: days/months later
Symptoms: purpura and or hemorrhage 
Prognosis: often fatal

Question 23

First new topical antibiotics approved in 20 years by the FDA

Answer 23

Retamulin-pleuromutilin derivative

Question 24

Sulfonamide with highest basic and acidic solubility

Answer 24

Sulfisoxazole

Question 25

Action of dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 25

Reduce dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate | Blocked by trimethoprim

Question 26

Action of dihydrodynthetase

Answer 26

PABA to folate | Blocked by sulfonamides

Question 27

Action of thymidate synthase

Answer 27

``` dUMP to dTMP Blocked by flucytosine Uptake by cytosine permeases Delaminated to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase Both only found in mammal cells ```

Question 28

Oncogenes

Answer 28

Drive cell proliferation | Normal homologos are termed protooncogenes

Question 29

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 29

Prevent cell proliferation | Mutated, silenced or missing in cancer cells

Question 30

7 hallmarks of cancer

Answer 30

``` An inflammatory environment Insensitivity to growth inhibitors Self sufficiency in growth signals Limitless replicative potential Sustained angiogenesis Evasion of apoptosis Tissue invasion and metastasis ```

Question 31

Cell cycle

Answer 31

G1 phase: synthesis of cellular components needed for DNA synthesis S phase: DNA synthesis G2 phase: synthesis of cellular components for mitosis Mitosis: cell division G0: prolonged G1 phase neurons and hepatocytes 18-24 hours for rapidly proliferating

Question 32

Growth fraction

Answer 32

Percent of cells traversing cell cycle

Question 33

Cycle active drugs

Answer 33

Affect particular point in cell cycle | High growth fraction more sensitive to cycle active drugs

Question 34

Non cycle active drugs

Answer 34

Affect any part of cell cycle | Low or high growth fractions

Question 35

Cell kill hypothesis

Answer 35

Kill virtually all cells to have effective treatment. Use multiple drugs each kills a characteristic percent of target cells High doses-synergistic

Question 36

Metabolomics

Answer 36

Analysis of metabolite profiling E.g sarcosine is a measure of prostate Tumor aggressiveness More sarcosine= more malignancy

Question 37

Don't use which two drugs together since they have similar receptors and there actions can cancel

Answer 37

Macrolides and chrloramphenicol