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Pharmacology > Antibiotics, Cancer And Antivirals Random facts > Flashcards

Antibiotics, Cancer And Antivirals Random facts Flashcards

0
Q

Bacterostatic + bacterostatic

A

No synergy

Sometimes additive

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1
Q

Bacterocidal + bacterocidal

A

Sometimes synergistic

Almost always additive

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2
Q

Bacterocidal + bacterostatic

A

Bacterostatic drug inhibits bacterocidal drug

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3
Q

Not inhibited by bacterostatic drug

A

Polymixin

MOA does not depend on organism replicating

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4
Q

Conjugation

A

Bacteria sex

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5
Q

Transduction

A

Pickup DNA from virus

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6
Q

Transformation

A

Picks up DNA from environment

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7
Q

Ph that I activates penicillins

A

<6

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8
Q

Acid stable penicillins

A

Phenoxymethyl penicillin
Dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin
Amoxacillin

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9
Q

Not sensitive to Penicillinase

A

Methicillin
Dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin
Nafcillin

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10
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins

A 
Ticaricillom
Amoxacillin
Piperacillin
Carbenicillin
Azlocillin
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11
Q

Antibiotics effective against anaerobes

A

Piperacillin
Clindamycin
Imipenem
3rd gen cephalosporins

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12
Q

First gen cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin (oral)
Cephazolin (Im)
Similar to broad spectrum penicillins
Not effective against anaerobes

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13
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A

Cefaclor

More effective against gram -

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14
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A 
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Less effective against gram (+)
More effective against gram - and anaerobes 
Distributes to CNS
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15
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

Cefepime

16
Q

Function of 14-alpha-sterol demethylase

A

Lanosterol to ergosterol

Blocked by anole anti fungal drugs

17
Q

Function of squalene epoxidase

A

Squalene to lanosterol
Blocked by allylamine anti fungal drugs
Terbinafine

18
Q

Enhances NMJ blocking drugs

A

Aminoglycosides

19
Q

Oral tetracycline

A

Minocycline

20
Q

Preferred during pregnancy tetracycline

A

Oxytetracycline

21
Q

Chloramphenicol associated bone marrow suppression

A 
Marrow: normlcellular
Blood: anemia 
Dose response: dose related
Time of appearance: during treatment
Symptoms: anemia
Prognosis: recovery
22
Q

Chloramphenicol associated aplastic anemia

A 
Marrow: hypo plastic, aplastic
Blood: pancytopenia
Dose response: not dose related
Time of appearance: days/months later
Symptoms: purpura and or hemorrhage 
Prognosis: often fatal
23
Q

First new topical antibiotics approved in 20 years by the FDA

A

Retamulin-pleuromutilin derivative

24
Q

Sulfonamide with highest basic and acidic solubility

A

Sulfisoxazole

25
Q

Action of dihydrofolate reductase

A

Reduce dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

Blocked by trimethoprim

26
Q

Action of dihydrodynthetase

A

PABA to folate

Blocked by sulfonamides

27
Q

Action of thymidate synthase

A 
dUMP to dTMP
Blocked by flucytosine
Uptake by cytosine permeases
Delaminated to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase
Both only found in mammal cells
28
Q

Oncogenes

A

Drive cell proliferation

Normal homologos are termed protooncogenes

29
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Prevent cell proliferation

Mutated, silenced or missing in cancer cells

30
Q

7 hallmarks of cancer

A 
An inflammatory environment
Insensitivity to growth inhibitors 
Self sufficiency in growth signals
Limitless replicative potential
Sustained angiogenesis 
Evasion of apoptosis 
Tissue invasion and metastasis
31
Q

Cell cycle

A

G1 phase: synthesis of cellular components needed for DNA synthesis
S phase: DNA synthesis
G2 phase: synthesis of cellular components for mitosis
Mitosis: cell division
G0: prolonged G1 phase neurons and hepatocytes
18-24 hours for rapidly proliferating

32
Q

Growth fraction

A

Percent of cells traversing cell cycle

33
Q

Cycle active drugs

A

Affect particular point in cell cycle

High growth fraction more sensitive to cycle active drugs

34
Q

Non cycle active drugs

A

Affect any part of cell cycle

Low or high growth fractions

35
Q

Cell kill hypothesis

A

Kill virtually all cells to have effective treatment.
Use multiple drugs each kills a characteristic percent of target cells
High doses-synergistic

36
Q

Metabolomics

A

Analysis of metabolite profiling
E.g sarcosine is a measure of prostate Tumor aggressiveness
More sarcosine= more malignancy

37
Q

Don’t use which two drugs together since they have similar receptors and there actions can cancel

A

Macrolides and chrloramphenicol

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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