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Term 1 PoNF revison > Autonomic and somatic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic and somatic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

motor (efferent) nervous system can be split into

A

somatic- voluntary
autonomic- involuntary (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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2
Q

somatic nerves

A

single nerve to skeletal muscle

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3
Q

autonomic nerves

A

multiple nerves with ganglions

to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and GI neurons

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4
Q

ANS: preganglionic fibres myelin

A

small myelinated

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5
Q

ANS: postganglionic fibres myelin

A

unmyelinated

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6
Q

somatic nervous system NMJ structure

A
  • specialised
  • ionotropic receptors
  • always excites
  • nicotinic
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7
Q

autonomic nervous system NMJ structure

A
  • less specialised
  • metabotropic receptors- G protein coupled
  • can excite or inhibit
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8
Q

ANS: sympathetic spine regions

A

thoracic lumbar

(sympathetic- in the middle of the action)

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9
Q

ANS: parasympathetic spine regions

A

cranial sacral

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10
Q

ANS: sympathetic ganglion size

A

short pre

long post

(need longest to be close to action)

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11
Q

ANS: parasympathetic ganglion size

A

long pre

short post

(can be chilled to begin with)

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12
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic release ___ which acts on ______ receptors

A

ACh

nicotinic cholinergic

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13
Q

parasympathetic post ganglionic fibres release ___ which works on ___

A

ACh

muscarinic

(only a short distance between pre and post ganglion so keeps using ACh)

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14
Q

sympathetic postganglionic uses ___ and works on ___

A

noradrenalin

alpha or beta adrenergic receptors

(adrenalin as sympathetic- fighting something)

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15
Q

how does sympathetic postganglionic cells in adrenal medulla differ from rest

A

they directly release adrenaline or noradrenaline into the blood to work on alpha/beta receptors

(instead of nerves going to receptors itself)

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16
Q

sympathetic system effects on the eye

A

activates alpha 1 receptors on radial muscle of iris

contracts making pupil larger

activates beta 2 receptors on ciliary muscle around lens

relaxes eye to focus farther away

17
Q

parasympathetic system effects on the eye

A
  • muscarinic receptors on sphincter muscle on iris

contract muscle- smaller pupil

  • muscarinic receptor on ciliary muscle

contracts making eye focus close up

18
Q

sympathetic system effects on the heart

A

beta 1 receptors makes pacemaker cells increase heart rate

beta 1 receptors make myocytes increase contraction strength

(heart beats- so uses “beata” 1)

19
Q

parasympathetic system effects on the heart

A

muscarinic receptors make pacemaker cells lower heart rate

little effect on myocytes

20
Q

sympathetic system effects on the lung

A

beta 2 receptors make smooth muscle dilate

21
Q

parasympathetic system effects on the lung

A

muscarinic receptors make smooth muscle contract

22
Q

a beta 1 antagonist will

A

decrease heart rate

23
Q

sympathetic system effects on blood vessels

A

alpha 1 receptors in contracts smooth muscle- e.g in digestive system

beta 2 receptors relax smooth muscle- e.g in skeletal muscle

24
Q

parasympathetic system effects on blood vessels

A

usually no effects

25
Q

sympathetic system effects on salivary glands

A

beta receptors make thick secretions rich in enzymes

26
Q

parasympathetic system effects on salivary glands

A

muscarinic receptors make more watery saliva

27
Q

sympathetic system effects on the bladder

A

beta 2 relaxes smooth muscle reducing pressure

alpha 1 c_ontracts sphincter_ stopping urination

28
Q

parasympathetic system effects on the bladder

A

muscarinic contracts smooth muscle increasing pressure

muscarinic relaxes sphincter

29
Q

sympathetic system effects on the reproductive tract

A

alpha 1 receptors contract urethra causing ejaculation

30
Q

parasympathetic system effects on the reproductive tract

A

muscarinic relaxes smooth muscle on corpus cavernosum- causes erection

31
Q

what controls all this

A

autonomic reflexes- e.g baroreceptor reflex

hypothalamus

32
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

baroreceptors detect blood pressure

coordinates sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to vary:

HR, strength of contraction and constriction of blood vessels accordingly

33
Q

alpha receptors tend to

A

contract

34
Q

beta receptors tend to

A

relax

35
Q

organ that gets 2 different types of antagonistic actions

A

eye

36
Q

response that uses dual innervation with non antagonistic actions

A

salivary glands- both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulate something

37
Q

body part that uses dual innervation with a complimentary effect

A

reproductive tract

Term 1 PoNF revison (14 decks)

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