Autonomic Flashcards
1
Q
norepinephrine
A
- SM
- alpha and beta 1
- increase b.p.
- stronger vasoconstrictor than epinephrine; avoid extravasation, reflex bradycardia, cerebral hemorrhage; IV
- also, in cardio
2
Q
epinephrine
A
- SM
- all adrenergic receptors
- treats anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest
- positive inotrope and vasoconstrictor; injectable; caution in patients with glaucoma or tachycardia; cerebral hemorrhage
- also, in cardio
3
Q
isoproterenol
A
- SM
- beta 1 and beta 2
- emergency drug for 3rd degree AV block
- t 1/2 few minutes
- tolerance; positive inotrope and chronotrope; IV, CRI; similar to dobutamine
- also, in cardio
4
Q
dopamine
A
- SM
- alpha (high), beta 1 (med.), dopaminergic receptors (low)
- emergency drug for acute failing heart
- short t 1/2
- tolerance; treats hypotension/shock; causes release of NE, positive chronotrope; dose dependent effects; IV, CRI
- also, in cardio
5
Q
dobutamine
A
- SM
- beta 1, mild beta 2, alpha 1 receptors
- emergency drug for dilated cardiomyopathy
- t 1/2 2 mins.
- limit 2 days; increases contractility; minimal effect on BP or HR; CRI; neg. isomer alpha 1 and beta 1 ag., pos. isomer alpha 1 antag. and beta 1 ag.
- also, in cardio
6
Q
clenbuterol
A
- selective beta 2 ag.
- treats COPD in horses
- oral syrup
- treats bronchospasm, can halt birthing by uterine relaxation; not for food animals
7
Q
phenylpropanolamine
A
- mixed SM, indirect acting agent that promotes release of NE
- treats urinary incontinence, also a nasal decongestant
- oral
- direct alpha 1 agonist: closes urethral sphincter; CNS stimulation; synergistm with estrogen
8
Q
propanolol
A
- class II anti-arrhyth.
- competitive non-selective beta antagonist
- treats supraventricular tachyarrhythmia
- oral, 1-2 hours (inj avail.)
- significant first pass effect, low bioavailability, hypoglycemia, caution to those on digitalis treatment
- also, in cardio
9
Q
atenolol
A
- SL, beta blocker
- competitive selective beta-1 antagonist
- cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- oral, longer than propanolol, 3h
- decreases HR, CO, and BP; doesn’t cross BBB, minimal liver metabolism, half excreted unchnaged in urine and half in feces
10
Q
phenoxybenzamine
A
- small animals, DA SL
- non-specific, irreversible alpha antagonist
- treats urinary retention, pheochromocytoma
- oral, takes a few days
- more alpha1 than alpha 2; relaxes urethral sphincter; pheochromocytoma for hypertension and BP spikes; reflex tachycardia, miosis, changes in IOP, GI
11
Q
carbachol
A
- PM
- M2 and M3 agonist, also nicotinic receptors
- for GI motility (colic, rumen atony)
- SQ, QAC
- very potent, miosis (in humans, for eyes)
12
Q
bethanechol
A
- PM
- some selectivity for M3
- treats urinary retention by contraction of det.
- SQ, QAC
- increases GI motility and secretion; can cause diarrhea and bronchospasm
13
Q
pilocarpine
A
- PM
- natural alkaloid with direct muscarinic and nic. action
- primary glaucoma, increase GI motility
- decreases HR and BP; miosis; can cross BBB; can cause diarrhea and salivation
14
Q
methacholine
A
-PM
-M1 agonist
-cardiovascular effects (bradycardia)
-QAC
used to diagnose asthma and COPD in humans
15
Q
atropine *
A
-PL
-competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors
-treats bradycardia, incomplete heart block
-mostly inj. (ophthalmic and oral)
mydriasis for eye exams, edrophonium toxicity, decr. secretions; CNS, colic, photobia in horse; caution in patient with glaucoma or tachycardia
-also, in pre-anesthesia
