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OSU pharmacology final > Anesthetic > Flashcards

Anesthetic Flashcards

1
Q

diazepam *

A
  • bzd
  • GABA alpha receptor
  • tranquilizer/ sedative/ anesthetic/ anticonvulsant
  • 1-2 h (pretty short), long in cat
  • undependable IM absorp., water insoluble; start AED therapy with status epilepticus or rectal admin. after loading dose for cluster seizures); addictive
  • also, behavioral event drug
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2
Q

midazolam *

A
  • bzd
  • GABA alpha receptor
  • tranquilizer/ sedative
  • shorter than diazepam, 1 hour
  • rapid, complete IM absorption, water soluble
  • also, in behavioral
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3
Q

zolazepam

A
  • bzd

- GABA alpha receptor

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4
Q

acepromazine *

A
  • phenothiazine
  • blocks dopamine receptor
  • tranquilizer
  • slow onset, long duration
  • tremors with high doses (rare), blocks alpha 1, boxers and colies caution
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5
Q

chlorpromazine

A
  • phenothiazine

- tranquilizer

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6
Q

xylazine *

A
  • alpha 2 agonists
  • a2 adrenergic receptor > inhibit NE
  • sedation/ analgesia
  • 160:1; abortion in cattle
  • also, in autonomics: controls b.p, HR
  • ruminants more sensitive
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7
Q

dexmedetomidine *

A
  • alpha 2 agonists
  • a2 adrenergic receptor > inhibit NE
  • sedation > analgesia
  • depends on dose; min. to hour
  • 1620:1; arousal, some alpha 1 effects, bradycardia and hypertension; ruminants sensitive; emetic in cats
  • also, in autonomics: approved for dogs, higher HR and CO
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8
Q

romifidine

A
  • alpha 2 agonists
  • a2 adrenergic receptor > inhibit NE
  • sedation/ analgesia
  • 340:1
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9
Q

yohimbine *

A
  • a2 antagonist
  • competitive binding at alpha 2 receptor
  • sedation reversal of xylazine in dogs
  • moderately selective for alpha 2 than alpha 1
  • also, in autonomics
  • caution with IV, safer with IM (causes rapid relaxation of vessel tone)
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10
Q

atipamezole *

A
  • a2 antagonist
  • competitive binding at alpha 2 receptor
  • sedation reversal of medetomidine
  • highly selective for alpha 2 receptor; used commonly with dexmedetomidine (x-rays)
  • also, in autonomics
  • caution with IV, safer with IM (causes rapid relaxation of vessel tone)
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11
Q

pentobarbital

A
  • barbiturate
  • GABA alpha receptor
  • euthanasia
  • t 1/2 short, 1-2h
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12
Q

etomidate

A
  • imidazole
  • anesthesia
  • t 1/2 short
  • limited use IV anesthetic; adrenals; minimal cardio and respiratory effects (drug of choice if have cardio disease); not controlled; pain on inj.; $$$
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13
Q

alfaxalone *

A
  • prog. related steroid
  • GABA modulation
  • anesthesia
  • smooth rapid onset
  • safe, mild cardio effect; compared to propofol, class IV, labeled for dogs and cats, can give IM (not great); preservative free prep. (6h shelf life), $$$
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14
Q

lidocaine *

A
  • local anesthetic
  • block voltage gated Na+ channels, no AP
  • local nerve block for minor procedures
  • fast onset; 1-2 hours
  • prefers smaller, peripheral, unmyelinated nerves; seizures
  • also, in cardio
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15
Q

bupivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • block voltage gated Na+ channels, no AP
  • local nerve block for minor procedures
  • intermediate onset; 3-6 hours
  • malignant cardiac arrhythmias (hard to treat, often fatal)
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16
Q

mepivicaine *

A
  • local anesthetic
  • block voltage gated Na+ channels, no AP
  • local nerve block for diagnostics
  • fast onset; 1.5-3 hours
  • seizures
17
Q

flumazenil

A
  • bzd antagonist

- competitive binding at GABA receptor

18
Q

morphine *

A
  • opioid agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 moderate (4-6h)
  • cheap; high efficacy; bradycardia; dose dependent respiratory depression (antitussive); GI effects, thermoregulation
19
Q

hydromorphine *

A
  • opioid agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 moderate (4-6h)
  • cheap; high efficacy
20
Q

oxymorphone *

A
  • opioid agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 moderate (4-6h)
  • $$$; high efficacy
21
Q

fentanyl *

A
  • opioid agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 short (min.-hours)
  • cheap; high efficacy; more potent than morphine
22
Q

remifentanil *

A
  • opioid agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 short (min.-hours)
  • $$$; high efficacy
23
Q

buprenophine *

A
  • opioid partial agonist
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 long (6-8h)
  • moderate cost; moderate efficacy; good for cats
24
Q

tramadol *

A
  • opioid partial agonist (mu)
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 moderate (4-6h)
  • cheap; moderate efficacy; good for orthopedic surgery
25
Q

butorphanol *

A
  • opioid ag.-antag.
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 short (min.-hours)
  • cheap; moderate efficacy; “partial” reversal: reverse sedation while retaining analgesia
26
Q

nalbuphine

A
  • opioid ag.-antag.
  • analgesia +/- sedation
  • t 1/2 moderate (4-6h)
  • cheap; moderate efficacy; “partial” reversal: reverse sedation while retaining analgesia
27
Q

naloxone

A
  • opioid antagonist
  • opioid reversal
  • t 1/2 short (30 min.-hour)
  • cheap; reverses ALL effects,, renarcotization possible; caution of cardiac arrest
28
Q

ketamine *

A
  • dissociative agent
  • NMDA receptor, release endo. catechol.
  • sedation/ restraint/ anethesic/ analgesia
  • dose dependent; t 1/2 short
  • minimal hepatic metabolism in cats (dependent on urinary excretion); incr. intraocular pressure, incr. intracranial pressure
29
Q

tiletamine

A
  • dissociative agent
  • NMDA receptor
  • t 1/2hours
  • more potent than ketamine; shelf life not long; rough recoveries in dog; best in pigs, but slow recoveries
30
Q

phenobarbital *

A
  • barbiturate
  • enhances GABA
  • anti-epileptic, seizures (cluster seizures)
  • t 1/2 several days
  • alkaline drug; cardiovascular depression (vasodilation), respiratory depression, splenic engorgement; first line of therapy for seizures in cats; increased liver enzymes
31
Q

propofol *

A 
-unrelated to other drugs
GABA alpha receptor
-anesthesia
-rapid onset
-moderate hypotension, respiratory depression (common, give IV slow); can give CRI; short shelf life (6h); no tissue damage like thiopental
32
Q

isoflurane *

A
  • inhalant anesthetic
  • GABA?
  • anesthesia maintenance
  • fast
  • MAC (potency) 1.3%; dose depedent cardiovascular depression (hyptension) and respiratory depression
33
Q

sevoflurane

A
  • inhalant anesthetic
  • GABA?
  • anesthesia maintenance
  • faster
  • MAC 2.4%; dose depedent cardiovascular depression (hyptension) and respiratory depression
34
Q

desflurane

A
  • inhalant anesthetic
  • GABA?
  • anesthesia maintenance
  • fastest
  • MAC 8%; extremely volatile, new vaporizer, $$$, plugged in; dose depedent cardiovascular depression (hyptension) and respiratory depression
35
Q

guaifenisen

A
  • modulate tonic muscle activity (spinal cord)
  • central muscle relaxant (bzd is too)
  • very irritating if given extravascularly; “triple drip” in large animals (used to facilitate induction)
36
Q

bromine *

A
  • competes with chloride ion > hyperpolarize
  • treats seizures
  • long half life; dogs 25 days
  • first line of therapy for dogs (2nd/3rd in cats); 2-3 months to reach steady state; GI upset, mild ataxia; allergic asthmatic rxn in cats; monitor plasma levels

OSU pharmacology final (4 decks)

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