Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical health midterm2 > Autommune disorders > Flashcards

Autommune disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmune process

A

If the auto tolerance breaks down in the organism, and immune reaction starts to appear against autoantigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autoimmune disorder

A

if autoimmune processes reach a degree when a clinical signs appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autotolerance/Burnet´s clone-selection theory

A

Autoantigens in early life encounter with immatrure lymphocytes; and these lymphocytes die or become tolerant.

Later, during life som autoantigens may change (for example because of virus or drug); and auto reactive clones can arise against these changed auto-antigens

In normal ways, these auto reactive clones are suppressed by T-cyxotoxic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autotolerance

A

The ability of the body not to stimulate immunocompetent cells into an immune response to potential antigens that are components of one’s own tissues and cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The break down of autotolerance

A
  1. The disturbance of autotolerance;
  2. antigen-dependent causes: changed own antigens (virus, drug)
  3. Immunregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Etiological factors

A

Next to the breakdown of autotolerance, a number of etiological factors can play a role:

  • genetic predisposition
  • something that induces inflammation
  • hormonal milieu (mainly sexual hormones)
  • environmental factors
  • psychological factors (stress)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Grouping of autoimmune disorder

A

Polysystemic autoimmune disorders

Organ-specific autoimmune disorders

To simple classification??

  • they overlap (do you have one auto.dis., higher probability to have another)
  • auto.dis. can be placed to a spectrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polysystemic autoimmune disorders

A

Immune reaction against general cell-component in different kind of cells

Impairment do not limited to one single organ, or one type of cells

EX: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Organ-specific autoimmune disorders

A

Immune reaction against a specific auto-antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systemic Lupus Eruthematosus (SLE) + epidemiology

A
  • more frequent in afro-american woman than white

- more frequent in Europe than in US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SLE + etiology

A

Multicausal origin:

  • genetic predisposition
  • virus infection
  • hormones (sign. female dominance)
  • pharmacological substances
  • external factors
  • psychological stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathogenesis + SLE

A

It is a prototype autoimmune disorder and can affect more organs.

  • disturbed function of T-cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical symptoms + SLE

A

General symptoms:

  • fever
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
  • swelling of lymph nodes

Other symptoms:

  • skin symptoms
  • hair loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Therapy + SLE

A

Only symptomatic treatment

in mild cases: rest, avoiding sunshine and stress

wild cases: corticosteroids, plasmapheresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prognosis + SLE

A

5 year survival rate: 95%

10 year survival rate: 70%

People diagnosed in younger age have better prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pain + SLE

A

Significant problem for Lupus patient: most frequent pain of SLE; headache and chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cognitive disturbance + SLE

A

Cognitive disorders are very frequent in SLE. the most frequent:
- attention deficit, concentration problems, psychomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, verbal and non-verbal memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fatigue + SLE

A

The most frequent symptom of lupus patient with important physical, emotional and social limitations

19
Q

Sleep problems + SLE

A

Very frequent in SLE, and one of the most determinative factors of QoL.

  • longer time to get to sleep
  • longer night sleep
  • sleep disorder have significant effects on depression and on fatigue
20
Q

Valencia-Flores (1999)

A

(SLE)

  • worse quality of slepp
  • frequent awake
  • more restlessness and disturbed sleep
  • more sleepiness and fatigue
21
Q

Bouyer (1998)

A

The response of sleep-wake cycle to acute stress depends on the individual stress-reactivity defined by HPA axis.

22
Q

Sexual hormones + SLE

A

Sexual hormones can have important role in the disease;

  • 60% report that their health status depends on the menstrual cycle
  • disturbance of the metabolism of estrogen (higher level) and testosteron (lower level) in both sexes
23
Q

Disturbance in sexual behavior + SLE

A

in chronic diseases significant changes in sexual behavior

24
Q

C-type personality + SLE

A
  • extreme conformity
  • extreme kindness
  • feeling unvaluable
  • self-victimization
  • inability to express different opinion
  • self-restrained
  • strong emotion-control
25
Q

Coping + SLE

A

the lack of appropriate coping mechanisms are more frequent in lupus patient than in healthy population.

26
Q

Celiac disease

A

Autoimmune disorder with an inappropriate immune response to the dietary protein gluten.

After absorption in the small intestine these proteins interact with the antigen-presenting cells causing an inflammatoryy reaction

27
Q

Risk factors for celiac disease

A
  • First degree relative with the disease
  • Down syndrome
  • T1DM
28
Q

Is Down syndrome a risk factor for celiac disease?

A

YES!

29
Q

Is celiac disease an allergy?

A

NO!

30
Q

Classic clinical presentation of celiac disease?

A

Diarrhea
gas/bloating
Weight loss

31
Q

Atypical clinical presentation of celiac disease?

A
  • constipation
  • anemia
  • osteiprosis
  • rash
  • ataxia
  • infertility
32
Q

Silent clinical presentation of celiac disease?

A

No signs

abnormal biopsy

33
Q

LAtent clinical presentation of celiac disease?

A

No signs

normal biopsy

34
Q

Nearly 30% of the population has a genetic vulnerability for gluten sensitivity?

A

TRUE

35
Q

Increased gut permeability is a risk factor for celiac disease?

A

TRUE

36
Q

Diagnosis of celiac disease?

A

Small bowel biopsy

Blood test: immunoglobulin A,

37
Q

Psychological/psychiatric comorbidities

A
  • major depression
  • panic disorder
  • dysthymia, anxiety
38
Q

Autistic symptoms can improve on gluten diet?

A

TRUE

39
Q

Neurological problems + celiac disease?

A
  • ataxia
  • neuropathy
  • epilepsia
  • stroke
  • headaches
  • learning and attention disorders
40
Q

Headache is very frequent in celiac disease?

A

TRUE

41
Q

QoL + Celiac disease

A
  • worse than in normal population
  • somatic symptoms
  • social withdrawal because of diet
42
Q

The average delay of getting a diagnosis is around 3 years (celiac disease?

A

FALSE

43
Q

Problem with diet (celiac disease)

A
  • only 60% follow the appropriate diet (low availability of gluten-free product, expensive, difficult to find gluten-free restaurants)
  • predictors of poor adherence
    lack of education, poor self regulation, lack of gastrointestinal symptoms
    lack of imporvement
44
Q

Diarrhea is a “compulsory” symptom of the disease?

A

FALSE

Clinical health midterm2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions