Automation & Pentra C200 Flashcards
Process whereby an analytical instrument performs many tests with only minimal involvement of an analyst
the controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices without human intervention
Automation
the controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices without human intervention.
Automation
The transport of a quantity of analyte or reagent from one specimen reaction into and contaminating a subsequent one
Carry-over
Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch passes through the same continuous stream at the same rate and is subjected to the same analytical reactions
Continuous-flow analysis
Type of analysis in which the sample is aspirated into the sample probe and then is delivered, often with reagent, through the same orifice into a
reaction cup or another container
Discrete analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to multiple analytical processes so that a set of test results is obtained on a single specimen
Multiple-channel analysis
Type of analysis in which all specimens
are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the same time and in a parallel fashion
Parallel analysis
The most common configuration of an
automated analyser, in which analyses are performed on a collection of specimens sequentially and each specimen is analyzed for a different selection of tests
Random-access analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch enters the analytical process one after another, and each result or set of results emerges in the same order as the specimens are entered
Sequential analysis
Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to a single process so that only results for a single analyte are produced
Single-channel analysis
The number of specimens processed by an analyzer during a given period of time, or the rate at which an analytical system processes specimens
Throughput
First automated analyzer
Autoanalyzer by Technicon in 1957
First commercial centrifugal analyzer was developed by
Dr. Norman G. Anderson (1970)
A prototype of the first commercial centrifugal analyzer was created in
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
What year was the production of thin film analysis
1976
The first to use microsample volumes and reagents on slides for dry chemistry analysis
First to incorporate computer technology extensively into its design and us
Kodak Ektachem (1978)
Minimum time from initial sampling to the production of a result
Dwell Time
The maximum number of test results that can be produced by an analyzer in a given time period
Throughput
Usually requested if there is an emergency
Always prioritize among other request
STAT Analysis
AUTOMATED SYSTEM DESIGNS
Total Laboratory Designs
Modular Integrated system
Stand-alone systems
Employs an integrated track system that links all the laboratory’s workstations together to create a continuous, comprehensive network that automates almost all the steps involved in laboratory testing
Total Laboratory Automation
Consists of an integrated tract device that connects all of the laboratory workstations, to create a 2 continuous, inclusive network that serves to automate nearly every step involved in the testing of each sample
Roche Diagnostics System
Same with TLA but only smaller
Link together multiple laboratory disciplines into a single testing platform that is interconnected by a track
Modular Integrated Systems
To automate specific sections of the process that are still manual operations
Stand-alone systems
The samples flow through a common reaction vessel or pathway
Assists the laboratory that needs to run many samples requiring the same procedure
Continuous Flow Analyzer
Each test reaction takes place in a separate compartment that is either cleaned out or disposed of after use
Have the capability of running multiple tests one sample at a time or multiple samples one test at a time
Most commonly used compared to CFA and most versatile type of analyzer
Discrete Analyzer
Samples and reagents were mixed together, reacted, and flowed by centrifugal force into separate cuvettes in which spectrophotometric analysis could occur
Centrifugal Analyzer
Classification of Automated Analyzers
Continuous
Discrete
Centrifugal
Sequential
Batch
Parallel
Random Access
performing a set of test reactions in a particular order on each sample in the order in which it is received
Sequential
all samples are loaded at the same time, and a single test is conducted on each sample
Batch
more than one test is analyzed concurrently on a given clinical system
Parallel
any test can be performed on any sample in any sequence
Random Access
Identify sample identification errors and sample integrity issues
Automated Specimen Inspection
Uses radio waves to identify people or object
Radio-Frequency Identification
Types of Specimen Delivery
Courier Service
Pneumatic Tube systems
Electric Track Vehicles
Mobile Robots
What is the wash solution used
Deionized water
Process of removing excess
water, solutes, or toxins in the
body
Dialysis
operator is able to change the parameters related to an analysis and prepare “in-house” reagents or use reagents from a variety of suppliers
Open-system analyzer
requires the reagent to be in a unique container or format provided by the manufacturer
Closed-system analyzer
3 layers of dry slide technology
Spreading Layer
Central Layer
Indicator Layer
Required temperature for incubation
37 C
Container used for the sample and reagent
Contains a built-in refrigerator and barcode reader
Sample and Reagent Container Unit
Cuvettes rack holder has capacity of
192 disposable cuvettes
Incubation Reaction Unit has a capacity of
24 cuvettes
Incubation Reaction Unit is regulated at a temperature of
37 to 0.3 C
Dust Pod Unit has capacity for
216 used cuvettes
Enables transfer of new cuvettes from the cuvettes rack holder unit to the incubation reaction unit
transfer of used cuvettes from the incubation reaction unit to the dust pod unit
Cuvette Loading Unit
For reagent and sample pipetting and dispensing into cuvettes in the incubation reaction unit or into the ISE cup.
Probe Unit
DET.W Bottle uses what to wash the probe
Deionized water or Distilled water
For reagent and sample mixing in the incubation reaction unit.
Mixer unit
Washing of the mixer between each use
Mixer Wash Tower
Dedicated to emergency samples, which provides one tube holder for tube or sample cup
at room temperature and without barcode identification
STAT Unit
Type of analysis in which many specimens are grouped in the same analytical session.
Batch Analysis
