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ClinChem Lab 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims > Analytic Techniques and Instrumentation > Flashcards

Analytic Techniques and Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

Energy that eventually makes its way to the outer region of the sun and is emitted away in the form of energy

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

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2
Q

A particle of electromagnetic radiation is known as

A

Photon

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3
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation is spread in the form of

A

Electromagnetic waves

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4
Q

Speed of electromagnetic waves

A

300,000 km/h

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5
Q

Electromagnetic waves are characterized by

A

Wavelength and Frequency

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6
Q

Distance between 2 identical points on consecutive waves

A

Wavelength

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7
Q

Distance between origin and crest

A

Amplitude

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8
Q

number of waves that pass a point per unit of time

A

Frequency

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9
Q

Wavelength x Frequency =

A

Speed

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10
Q

Wavelength is ______ proportional to Frequency

A

Inversely

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11
Q

Energy is ______ proportional to wavelength

A

Inversely

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12
Q

A wave of alternating electric and magnetic fields

A

Light

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13
Q

2 categories of Light

A

Invisible & Visible

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14
Q

Invisible Light examples

A

Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves
X-ray
Gamma radiation
Ultraviloet

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15
Q

Wavelength of X-ray and Gamma Radiations

A

Shorter than 190nm

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16
Q

wavelength of Ultraviolet

A

190nm - 340nm

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17
Q

Wavelength of visible light

A

340nm - 700nm

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18
Q

Reflected light is aka

A

Transmitted light

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19
Q

White light is aka

A

Polychromatic light

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20
Q

The type of light that our eyes see

A

Reflected light

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21
Q

Type of light that is composed of all the visible colors

A

White light

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22
Q

Visible light that Produces only one color

A

Monochromatic

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23
Q

Color transmitted when Violet is absorbed

A

Yellow

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24
Q

Color transmitted when Indigo is absorbed

A

Yellow

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25
Q

Color transmitted when Blue is absorbed

A

Orange

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26
Q

Color transmitted when Green is absorbed

A

Red

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27
Q

States that the concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the light transmitted

A

Beer-Lamberts Law

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28
Q

The relative amount of light passing through the sample is known as

A

Transmittance

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29
Q

Transmittance formula

A

T = transmitted light / incident light

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30
Q

Difference in amount of light transmitted by the blank and the sample

A

Presence of compound

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31
Q

is the relative amount of light absorbed by the samples and is related to transmittance

A

Absorbance

32
Q

Absorbance is aka

A

Optical Density

33
Q

Absorbance formula

A

A = ebc

34
Q

e in absorbance formula is

A

Molar absorptivity

35
Q

b in absorbance formula is

A

length of light path/optical path

36
Q

c in absorbance formula is

A

concentration of analyte

37
Q

is the measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light-absorbing substance in the solution

A

Spectrophotometry

38
Q

Internal component of spectrophotometry that provides the electromagnetic radiation as visible infrared or ultraviolet light

A

Light Source

39
Q

Most common light source in spectrophotometry

A

Incandescent Tungsten

40
Q

3 types of monochromator

A

Prism
Diffraction Gratings
Interference Filters

41
Q

Wedge shaped piece of glass, quartz, or sodium chloride that allows transmission of light

A

Prism

42
Q

Changes in direction of waves that occurs when waves travels to one medium to another

A

Refraction

43
Q

Aluminized surfaces that has been cut into tiny grooves that can act as a prism and a slit

A

Diffraction Grating

44
Q

the bending of waves around obstacles and openings

A

Diffraction

45
Q

Constructed by using two parallel glass plates, which are silvered internally and separated by thin film of dielectric material of different refractive index

A

Interference Filter

46
Q

Types of Interference

A

Constructive and Destructive

47
Q

Interference where crest line up together like a perfect fit puzzle resulting to higher amplitude

A

Constructive Interference

48
Q

Interference where crest and trough meet, resulting in low amplitude

A

Destructive Interference

49
Q

Exclusion of unwatned light from entering the monochromator

A

Entrance slit

50
Q

Allows only a narrow beam of the spectrum to pass through the cuvette

A

Exit slit

51
Q

Used to hold the solution in the instrument whose concentration is to be measured

A

Cuvette

52
Q

Cuvette for alkaline solutions

A

Borosilicate glass

53
Q

Cuvette for wavelength below 320nm

A

Quartz or Plastic

54
Q

Cuvette good at visible regions

A

Alumino silica glass

55
Q

Cuvette preferable for acidic solutions

A

Soft glass

56
Q

Converts transmitted light energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy

A

Photodetectors

57
Q

Types of photodetectors

A

Barrier-Layer cell
Photoemissive
Photomultiplier

58
Q

Least expensive photodetector

A

Barrier-Layer cell

59
Q

An instrument that provides information about intensity of radiation as a function of wavelength or frequency

A

Spectrometer

60
Q

Simplest type of absorption spectrometer which is designed to make one measurement at a time at one specified wavelength

A

Single Beam Spectrophotometry

61
Q

Is a rotating sector of mirror that breaks up or rotates radiation beams

A

Chopper

62
Q

Measures group 1 metals that contains +1 in charge

A

Flame Emission Spectrophotometry

63
Q

Specific regions that electrons occupy

A

Energy shells

64
Q

Cloud-like regions in the energy shells where electrons is found

A

Orbitals

65
Q

Electrons found at the outermost occupied orbitals of an atom

A

Valence Electrons

66
Q

The state that valence electrons enter when it absorbs energy

A

Excited state

67
Q

FE Spectro

Breaks up the solution into finer droplets

A

Atomizer

68
Q

Source of energy that will be absorbed by the atoms to enter the excitation state

A

Flame

69
Q

Type of burner where the sample is aspirated directly into the flame

A

Total Consumption Burners

70
Q

Type of burner where the aspirated sample, fuel, and oxidant are thoroughly mixed before reaching the burner opening and then entering the flame

A

Premix Burner

71
Q

Flame color of Potassium

A

Violet

72
Q

Flame color of Lithium

A

Red

73
Q

Flame color of Calcium

A

Orange

74
Q

Flame color of Sodium

A

Yellow

75
Q

Flame color of Barium

A

Lime green

76
Q

Measures group 2 metals with 2+ charges

A

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

77
Q

What are the 4 analytical techniques

A

Spectrophotometry
Luminescence
Chromatography
Electroanalytic Methods

ClinChem Lab 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims (4 decks)

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