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Production Systems > Automation in production systems > Flashcards

Automation in production systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is automation?

A

Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is accomplished without human assistance.

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2
Q

Why automation?

A
  • Higher production capacity
  • Better eficiency
  • Reduce need of personnel
  • remove monotonic and repetitive work from humans
  • even or perhaps higher quality
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3
Q

Mass customized

A
  • high variant diversity
  • High flexibility
  • low quantity of specific product.
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4
Q

Levels of physical automation

A

Totally manual, Static hand tool, Flexible hand tool, Automated hand tool, Static machine/workstation, Flexible machine/workstation, Totally automatic

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5
Q

Levels of cognitive automation

A

Totally manual, decision giving, teaching, Questioning, Supervision, Intervene, Totally automatic

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6
Q

Totally manual (phys)

A

Totally manual work, no tools used, only the users own muscle power.

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7
Q

Static hand tool

A

Manual work with support of static tool, e.g. screwdriver.

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8
Q

Flexible hand tool

A

Manual work with support of flexible tool, e.g. adjustable spanner (skiftnyckel)

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9
Q

Automated hand tool

A

Manual work with support of automated tool e.g. Hydraulic bolt driver

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10
Q

Static machine/workstation

A

Automatic work by machine that is designed for a specific task. e.g. Lathe (svarv)

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11
Q

Flexible machine/workstation

A

Automatic work by machine that can be reconfigured for different tasks. e.g. CNC-machine

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12
Q

Totally automated (phys)

A

Totally automated work, the machine solve all devitations or problems that occur by it self. e.g. autonomous systems.

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13
Q

Totally manual (cog)

A

The user creates his/her own understanding for the situation, and develops his/her course of action based on his/her earlier experience and knowledge. e.g. the users earlier experience and knowledge.

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14
Q

Decision giving

A

The user get information on what to do, or proposal on how the task can be achived. e.g. Work order

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15
Q

Teaching

A

The user get instruction on how the task can be achieved. e.g. checklists, manuals

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16
Q

Questioning

A

The technology question the execution, if the execution deviate from what the technology consider being suitable. E.g. verification before action.

17
Q

Supervision

A

The technology calls for the users attention and direct it to the present task. E.g. alarms

18
Q

Interevene

A

The technology takes over and corrects the action, if the executions deviate from what the technology consider being suitable. E.g. thermostat

19
Q

Totally automatic (cog)

A

All information and control is handled by the technoloy. The user is never involved. E.g. autonomous systems.

20
Q

HTA

A

Hierarchal Task Analysis

  • Useful to structure an understand a task
  • Detailed description of stages
  • A way to divide tasks
  • based on a foal
  • operations needed
  • conditions
21
Q

HTA- procedure

A
  • Identitfy overall goal
  • identify sub goals
  • Divide further until a sufficient detailed level is achieved.
  • goals are expressed as verbs, assemble engine
22
Q

HTA- getting the data

A
  • Observations of human performing the task, real time or movie
  • Work instructions
  • manual
23
Q

Dynamo++

A
  • Method to meassure and analyze levels of automation
    1. Pre.study
    2. Measurement
    3. Analysis
    4. Implementation
24
Q

Pre-study (dynamo ++)

A
  1. Choose the system
  2. Walk the process
  3. Value stream mapping, VSM
25
Q

Measurement (dynamo++)

A
  1. HTA
  2. Measure LoA
  3. Document
26
Q

Analysis (dynamo++)

A
  1. Min and max levels
  2. SoPI
  3. Analyze
27
Q

Triggers for chage

A

Cost, Time, Flexibility, Quality, Ergonomics, Productivity

28
Q

SoPI

A

Square of Possible Improvements

  • Used to find possible improvements in automation level
  • Min and max levels for a task constructs a square in the matrix.

Production Systems (6 decks)

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