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Cisco CCNP ENCOR > Automation and Programmability > Flashcards

Automation and Programmability Flashcards

1
Q

What does REST stand for?

A

Representational State Transfer

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2
Q

What are the 6 guidelines of a REST API? (The top 3 are most important to network developers)

A

1.) Client/Server Separation
2.) Stateless
3.) Cacheable
4.) Uniform Interface
5.) Layered System (separation of concerns)
6.) Code On Demand

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3
Q

Given the following URL, identify the Protocol, the Server, the Resource and the Parameter: https://domain.com/api/v1/servers?=windows

A

protocol = “https”
server = “domain.com”
resource = “/api/v1/servers”
parameter = “?=windows”

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4
Q

What are the HTTP verbs to Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD)?

A

Create - POST
Read - GET
Update - PATCH (or PUT)
Delete - DELETE

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5
Q

What is the meaning of the following HTTP response codes:
- 1xx (100)
- 2xx (200)
- 3xx (300)
- 4xx (400)
- 5xx (500)

A

1xx - Informational
2xx - Successful
3xx - Redirect
4xx - Client error
5xx - Server Error

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6
Q

What is the difference between HTTP 401 and 403 codes?

A

401 (Unauthorized) - Not authenticated

403 (Forbidden) - Authenticated, but not permitted to access the resource

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7
Q

What is the HTTP response code of 201?

A

Created (Success) - Note the response BODY may not include any content

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8
Q

What are the three most popular data serialization languages?

A

XML
JSON
YAML

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9
Q

What is one security issue related to a well documented API?

A

Reverse Engineering

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10
Q

What are some common methods to secure a REST API?

A
  • Use SSL for connection
  • Maintain Statelessness (do not keep sessions open)
  • Use authentication
  • Use authorization
  • Rate limits (Brute Force Protection)
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11
Q

What are the most common methods to authenticate to an API?

A
  • Basic Authentication (Username : Password)
  • API Key
  • Token-Based (token refresh)
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12
Q

What is YANG?

A

Industry Standard for how data models are structured in Netconf payloads - a data modeling Language

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13
Q

What are the 4 primary elements to a YANG model?

A

Module > Container > List > Leaf

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14
Q

What is the URL to fetch capabilities from a Cisco IOS-XE device using RESTconf?

A

https://DEVICENAME/restconf/data/netconf-state/capabilities

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15
Q

What is it called when a network vendor creates their own YANG data models for their hardware?

A

Native (Data Models)

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16
Q

Using Python, define a string called name with the value of Bob.

A

name = “bob”

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17
Q

Using Python, define an integer named quantity with the value of 100

A

quantity = 100

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18
Q

Using Python, define a boolean called isEnabled with the value of true.

A

isEnabled = True

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19
Q

Using Python, define a list called ip_addresses with any three IP addresses in the list.

A

ip_addresses = [“10.10.10.1”, “192.168,44,12”, “172.16.21.9”]

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20
Q

Using Python, define a tuple called ip_addresses with any three IP addresses in the tuple.

A

ip_addresses = (“10.10.10.1”, “192.168,44,12”, “172.16.21.9”)

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21
Q

What is the difference between a tuple and a list?

A

Tuple is immutable meaning that the values cannot be changed.

22
Q

Using Python, define a dictionary with any three IP addresses that use the names R1, R2, and R3 as the keys for the IP addresses.

A

ip_addresses = {“R1”: “10.10.10.1”, “R2”: “192.168,44,12”, “R3”: “172.16.21.9”}

23
Q

Using Python, define an If/Else statement that looks to see if variables named r1, r2, or r3 has an IP address of “10.1.1.1”?

A

if r1 == “10.1.1.1”:
print(“Yes!)
elif r2 == “10.1.1.1”:
print(“Yes!)
elif r3 == “10.1.1.1”:
print(“Yes!”)
else:
print(“No!”)

24
Q

Using Python, define a loop that continues to execute as long as the value for isEnabled is true

A

while isEnabled == true:
print(“Still enabled…”)

25
Q

Using Python, define a for loop that prints all the IP addresses in a list called ip_addresses

A

for ip_add in ip_addresses:
print(ip_add)

26
Q

Using Python, define a loop using the range keyword that prints the numbers 0 to 19

A

for x in range(20):
print(x)

27
Q

Using Python, define a function that takes an IP address as an argument and adds it to a list of ip_addresses. Then call the function and pass a value.

A

def append_ip(ip_address):
ip_addresses.append(ip_address)
print(ip_address + “ added to the list”)

append_ip(“10.1.1.1”)

28
Q

Using Python, define a class named Server with attributes of ip_address and os_version with a function called boot that just prints a simple message.

A

class Server():
ip_address = “10.10.10.1”
os_version = “Windows 2016”

def boot(self):
    print("The server is booting!")
29
Q

How does SD-WAN vManage use REST APIs?

A

For admins to program vManage policies using scripts.

30
Q

How does SD-WAN vManage use NETCONF?

A

To push policy from vManage to vSmart

31
Q

In DNA Center, what are the Northbound, Southbond, Westbound, and Eastbound APIs used for?

A

Northbound - Intent API; DNA Center Config
Southbound - Multivendor SDKs for underlay (NETconf)
Eastbound - Events and Notifications (Webhooks)
Westbound - Integrations (ITSM, Monitoring, Assurance)

32
Q

What are the commands to enable RESTCONF and NETCONF on a Cisco device?

A

R1(config)# ip http secure-server
R1(config)# restconf

33
Q

What is the URL to access RESTCONF IETF Interface data on a Cisco Device?

A

https://{ip-address}/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces

34
Q

What is the basic command to begin creating an EEM applet on a Cisco device?

A

R1(config)# event manager applet NAME

35
Q

What are some events an EEM applet can use to trigger an action?

A
  • CLI pattern via regex
  • Syslog event pattern
  • SNMP OID
  • Timer (CRON Job)
36
Q

What is the command to create an EEM event?

A

R1(config-applet)# event {{type}} {{options}}

37
Q

What is the command to create an EEM action?

A

R1(config-applet)# action WORD {{type}} {{options}}

38
Q

What is the best practice for an EEM action WORD?

A

To use incremental numbers, often times incrementing by 0.5 such as: “action 1.0”, “action 1.5”, “action 2.0”, etc.

39
Q

What are the common types of EEM actions that could be executed?

A
  • Commit a CLI command (or series of commands)
  • Enter a Syslog message
  • Use programmatical logic (loops, if-else, etc)
  • SNMP events
  • Reload
40
Q

What is the command to fire a EEM event on demand?

A

R1# event manager run NAME

41
Q

What command will show all valid EEM applets?

A

R1# show event manager policy registered

42
Q

When using ansible, what is the command to invoke the ping module?

A

ansible device_group_name -m ping

43
Q

When using ansible, what is the command to run a playbook?

A

ansible-playbook my_playbook.yaml

44
Q

What does it mean that Ansible uses “Idempotency”?

A

It only commits a change when it sees a change is needed.

45
Q

In ansible, what are the three tiers of configuration you will find in a playbook?

A

Playbook > Plays > Tasks

46
Q

What are a couple major differences between Ansible and Puppet?

A
  • Ansible pushes configuration, while Puppet uses a “pull” model
  • Ansible is Agentless while Puppet uses Agents
    NOTE: Puppet Bolt is Agentless
  • Ansible only pushes changes while Puppet holds full configurations
  • Ansible is Python-based, Puppet is Ruby-based
  • Ansible uses playbooks while Puppet uses a Database
  • Puppet is preferred for Configuration Management (DevOps)
47
Q

When using Puppet, what are the Tiers of configuration elements called?

A

Module > Manifest(s) > Classes > Resources

48
Q

What are some key characteristics of Chef?

A
  • Ruby-based
  • Agent-Based
  • Configuration uses “pull” model
  • Admin client is called a “Knife”
49
Q

When using Chef, what are the Tiers of configuration elements called?

A

Bookshelf > Cookbook > Recipes > Resources

50
Q

What are some key characteristics of SaltStack?

A
  • Python-based (can interact with Master using Python)
  • Agent-based
  • uses Zero MQ (very fast messaging platform)
  • Instructions sent in YAML
  • Event Driven
51
Q

Which of these Automation Tools are Agent-Based and which are Agentless? (Puppet, Puppet Bolt, Chef, Ansible, SaltStack, SaltStack SSH

A

Agent-Based: Puppet, Chef, SaltStack

Agentless: Ansible, Puppet Bolt, SaltStack SSH

52
Q

Which two Automation Tools use YAML?

A

Ansible and SaltStack

Cisco CCNP ENCOR (27 decks)

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