Architecture, Design, Virtualization Flashcards
What are the 5 characteristics of a cloud service as defined by NIST?
- On-Demand Self-Service
- Broad Network Access (available anywhere in the world)
- Resource Pooling (shared compute resources)
- Rapid Elasticity
- Metered Service (pay by usage)
What are the three primary cloud service models?
IaaS - Infrastructure as a service (VM level)
PaaS - Platform as a service (
SaaS - Software as a service
What is a public cloud?
A cloud deployment model where a company’s VMs and/or platforms and software are running in a cloud vendor’s datacenter. (Azure, AWS, Google)
What is a private cloud?
When the datacenter is on-premise for a company. However, the datacenter needs to comply with the 5 NIST-defined characteristics of cloud service to be truly considered a private cloud.
What is a hybrid cloud?
When an on-premise datacenter is connected to a public cloud provider and certain apps or VMs may reside in either place. This is becoming the most popular deployment model.
What is a community cloud?
Where organizations collaborate to create their own cloud services and share resources. This typically happens with universities or government entities.
What product/service does Cisco have that could provide On-Demand Self-Service to a Private cloud?
Cisco UCS Director
What software enables per-application selection of the destination cloud platform in a Hybrid Deployment?
Cloud Brokering Software
What is the difference between a Type 1 and a Type 2 Hypervisor?
Type 1 hypervisor is installed directly onto the hardware and acts as the OS. Type 2 hypervisor is installed inside of the OS.
What is a VNF?
Virtual Network Function - a generic term that can refer to any virtualized network device or service such as virtual router, firewall, WAN accelerator, etc.
What is Cisco ENFV?
Cisco Enterprise Network Functions Virtualization - Cisco’s solution for virtualizing network devices.
What are the key benefits to Cisco ENFV?
- save space at branch locations
- reduces need for hardware issues
- simplifies operations
- centralized management (DNA Center)
- leverage virtualization features like snapshots and migrations
- supports SD-WAN cEdge and vEdge
- supports third-party VNF
What are the four main functions of Cisco ENFV?
- Management and Orchestration (DNA Center)
- VNFs
- Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure Software (NFVIS)
- Hardware Resources
What Cisco VNFs are supported on Cisco ENFV?
- Virtual ISRs (ISRv)
- Adaptive Security Virtual Appliance (ASAv)
- Firepower Next-Gen Firewall virtual (NGFWv)
- Viptela vEdge
- cEdge
- virtual Wide Area Application Services (vWAAS)
- virtual Wireless LAN Controllers (vWLC)
What third-party VNFs are supported on Cisco ENFV?
- ThousandEyes
- Fortinet
- PaloAlto
- InfoVista
- CTERA
- Windows Server
- Linux Server
What Components make up the NFVIS function of Cisco ENFV?
- Linux OS
- Hypervisor
- vSwitch (Open vSwitch)
- VM lifecycle management
- Plug and play
- Orchestration
- HTTPS web server
- Device Management
- Role-Based Access Control
What protocols do not run on a vSwitch?
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
In lieu of STP, vSwitches use “pinning” of MAC addresses
What is one thing that two vSwitches cannot share?
A Physical NIC connection
What are the two types of vSwitches and what is the difference?
1.) Standard vSwitch
2.) Distributed vSwitch (DVS)
A Distributed Virtual Switch covers multiple virtual hosts to consolidate the management of vSwitches across hosts.
What functions can be virtualized with NFV (Network Function Virtualization)?
- Firewalls
- Switches
- Routers
- Wireless LAN Controllers
Describe the components and characteristics of the Cisco ENCS 5000
- Enterprise Network Compute System
- Built specifically to virtualize network functions (run virtual network devices)
- Network Modules (NIM) can be installed to support different physical interfaces such as Voice connections
What technology can logically group 2 or more switches into a single switch?
VSS - Virtual Switching System
What is the name of Cisco’s Spanning Tree implementation?
PVST+ (Per VLAN Spanning Tree +)
In a Two-Tier Network design, what are the different deployment types?
- Collapsed Distribution-Access
- Collapsed Core-Distribution
In a three tier Data Center topology, what are the three tiers?
- Core
- Aggregation
- Access
What is the newer data center topology called and what is its major characteristic?
Spine-Leaf - this is basically a collapsed Core-Aggregation topology where all the Layer 3 services reside on the Leaves and the Spine is just responsible for moving packets as quickly as possible.
What is OVS-DPDK?
Open Virtual Switch Data Plane Development Kit - an I/O technology in virtual switches that reserves one core of a CPU for processing and bypasses the kernel.
What is PCI Passthrough?
A virtual switching technology that does a one-to-one mapping of physical NIC to virtual NIC to improve performance.
What is SR-IOV?
An enhancement of PCI passthrough that allows a single pNIC to be shared by emulating PCIe devices on the hypervisor.
