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Intro to Chemistry > Automation > Flashcards

Automation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reference range for glucose?

A

Fasting = 4.0 - 6.0 mmol/L

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2
Q

What is the reference range for Urea?

A

2.1-7.1 mmol/L

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3
Q

What is the reference range for Creatinine?

A

Male 53-97 mcmol/L
Female 44-71 mcmol/L
Child 0-53 mcmol/L

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4
Q

What is the reference range for Sodium?

A

135 - 145 mmol/L

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5
Q

What is the reference range for Potassium?

A

3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L

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6
Q

What is the reference range for Chloride?

A

98-107 mmol/L

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7
Q

What is the reference range for Total Protein?

A

60-80 g/L

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8
Q

What is the reference range for Albumin?

A

35-55 g/L

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9
Q

What are the factors that drive automation?

A
  • Aging population
  • Need for accurate tests quickly
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10
Q

What are the benefits to automation?

A
  • Reduced errors
  • Reduced sample volume
  • Faster TAT’s
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11
Q

What is wet chemistry?

A
  • uses liquid reagents
  • same tip (washed)
  • cheeper
  • require good water source (filtration) and drainage
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12
Q

What is dry chemistry?

A
  • New tip is required each time
  • Costly
  • No water needed
  • No carryover
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13
Q

What are interferents?

A

proteins

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14
Q

What are the two types of reaction times?

A
  • End point ( takes a reading after the reaction occurs)
  • Rate reactions (readings are taken throughout the reaction)
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15
Q

What is an example of an endpoint reaction?

A

Glucose test

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16
Q

What is an example of a rate reaction?

A

Enzymatic tests

17
Q

What is the purpose of automation in urinalysis?

A
  • Eliminate the need for dipping
  • Minimal touching
18
Q

What is the biggest problem child in the lab? (electrolytes) and why?

A

LIPAFAM
Potassium #3
because easily influenced by hemolysis

19
Q

What is an alert threshold index?

A

Alerts interferences in sample which alerts to block out the top three problem child’s (LIPAFAM) which are likely false elevated.

20
Q

What is a renal function panel?

A

Urea and Creatinine

21
Q

What is an electrolyte panel?

22
Q

What is a Liver function panel?

A

AST
ALT
ALP
LDH

23
Q

What is a Drug screening panel?

A

Screens for drugs (acetaminophen)

24
Q

What is a tox screen panel?

A

Multiple drugs

25
Q

What is a Lipid test panel?

A

Cholesterol
Triglycerides
LDL
HDL

26
Q

What are some considerations to take with samples?

A
  • Light sensitivity
  • Centrifugation
  • Volatiles (Ketones and ethanol)
  • Glycolytic (glucose)
  • Refrigerations (LDH = no)
  • Time elapsed (blood gases)
    -Special protocols
27
Q

What tubes are usually collected for chemistry?

A

SST or PST

some test collected in special specific tubes

28
Q

How long are samples kept for?

A

Usually a week

29
Q

What considerations are there with samples sizes requirements?

A

Dead space that must be filled.

Intro to Chemistry (4 decks)

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