automated sample analysis Flashcards
(51 cards)
types of automated analysers?
(6 marks)
- biochemistry analysers
- haematology analysers
- electrolyte blood gas analysers
- coag analysers
- snap test analysers
- urinalysis analysers
use of biochemistry analysers?
(1 mark)
measure various biochemical substances within blood
use of haematology analysers?
(1 mark)
automatically determine total RBC + WBC counts, differential WBC counts, packed cell vol + platelet counts
use of electolyte / blood gas analysers?
(3 marks)
measures plasma electrolyte levers, resp blood gases + ionised calcium
tells us if any electrolyte disturbance that may impact aci base balance
requires use of arterial blood
use of coag analysers?
(2 marks)
measure activated partial thromboplastin time + prothrombin time.
identify clotting disorders
use of snap test analysers?
(1 mark)
automatically activates, times + interprets SNAP test results
use of urinalysis analysers?
(2 marks)
read + interpret urine dipstick for standard biochemical urine parameters.
identification of cells, bacteria, casts + crystals
advantages of analysers?
(9 marks)
- accurate + easy to use
- fast, reliable methods of blood examination
- minimise technician error + time required to perform test
- expedited results for diagnosis of emergancy cases
- test kits + reagents easily obtained
- tests can often be run on whole blood / serum
- improve customer satisfaction - minimal waiting time
- multiple tests performed at one time
- machines link to practice managament system + patient record, allowing easy access to results
disadvantages of analysers?
(9 marks)
- training required ensure staff use equipment efficiently + effectively
- machines costly to purchase + maintain
- operator error / machine malfunction can delay results + diagnosis
- errors common with haematology due to fragility of BCs - support with manual testing
- machine maintainance can be complicated
- chemical reagens costly + short dates can result in wastage
- machine cumbersome + require large work space
- staff member required to run bloods which removes them from rotated tasks
- reference intervals unavailable for all species
what can be analysed?
(4 marks)
- blood - whole blood, serum / plasma
- urine
- faeces
blood in lithium heparin tube seperates into?
(1 mark)
plasma, WBCs + platelets, RBCs
blood in plain tibe seperates into?
(1 mark)
serum, blood clot
types of interferons?
(3 marks)
- haemolysis
- icterus
- lipaemia
what do interferons do?
(1 mark)
impact quality of results machine provides
types of biochemistry machines?
(4 marks)
- IDDEX - catalyst one, procyte Dx
- zoetics - vetscan VS2
- samsung - biochemistry analyser
- seamaty - blood chemistry analyser
biochemistry info?
(6 marks)
- run time approx. 8 mins (15m with TT4)
- 29+ biochem parameters: including FRU, PHEN, ELEC, TT4, UPC
- fully automatic
- on-board centrifudge
- sample size: 100-700ul whole blood, 300ul serum / plasma
- some can run multiple tests simultaneously
use of biochemisty?
(! mark)
give indication of chemical content of blood sample
how do dry chemistry analysers work?
(3 marks)
- reagents provided on impregnated slides / pads
- machine determines the assay to be performed by reading a bar code / QR on the slide
- during machine process the sample is placed on the pad + inserted into the machine
how do the layers of dry chemistry analysers work?
(10 marks)
- spreading layer - sample is distributed evenly
- filtering layer - filters out substances that interfere with results
- reagent layer - reagent reacts with sample
- indicator layer - reacted sample collects for spectral analysis
- support layer - optical interface
what is dry chemistry?
(1 mark)
refers to the slides which are impreganted with dry reagent
what the colour change (of dry chemistry) means?
(2 marks)
colour change commonly occurs
degree of colour change is proportionate to the chemical concentration
how are the results (of dry chemistry generated)?
(1 mark)
chemistry concentration is measured + generated as digital reading / result
what is wet chemistry?
(2 marks)
uses small wells of fluid instead of dry slides
generates specific wavelengths
how does wet chemistry work?
(2 marks)
light is passed through a liquid sample
intensity of emergant light is measured, converted into electrical energy + displayed digitally