autoimmune diseases

Question 1

etiology of autoimmune diseases

Answer 1

genetic disposition - HLA polymorphism
hormonal influences (more women)
enviromental factors: medications, stress, other diseases

Question 2

reasons for autoimmune

Answer 2

expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the presentation of pathogen and self-antigens through IFN-gamma
failure of apoptosis
polyclonal lymph activation
exposure of cryptic antigens

Question 3

antibody mediated cytotoxicity

Answer 3

type 2 hypersensitivity (ADCC, CDC, opsonization and phagocytoses) good pastures syndrome (antibody attack on basement membrane)

Question 4

autoimmune-complex disease

Answer 4

vasculature, join and glomeruli (complement, phagocytosis, inflammation) type 3 hypersensitivity
arthritis, vasculitis

Question 5

cell-mediated autoimmne

Answer 5

cytotoxic T cells react with self-antigen resulting in specific tissue destruction (T1D- inflammatory cytokine in type 1 diabetes, whole B cell population is wiped out and can’t secrete insulin

Question 6

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 6

type 2 hyposensitivity, autoantibodies against RBC, lead to hemolysis

Question 7

goodpasture’s syndrome

Answer 7

autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane, collagen type IV, leading to progressive gomerulonephritis

Question 8

acute rheumatic fever

Answer 8

strep cell wall antibodies cross-reacting with cardiac muscle, leading to arthritis and myocarditis

Question 9

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 9

autoantibodies against platelet GPIIb-IIIa (2 adhesion antibodies), leading to low platelet count and bleeding - bruise easily

Question 10

Myesthenia Gravis

Answer 10

autoantibodies against the ach receptor on the motor end plates of the muscle, leading to complement-dependent damage to the receptor, skeletal muscle weakness - drop eyelids

Question 11

graves disease

Answer 11

autoantibodies act as agonists of TSH, leading to hyperthyroidism

Question 12

RA

Answer 12

systemic but principally joint inflammation rheumatoid factors (autoantiboides against IgG Fc) in the serum and synovium, lymph and macrophage infiltration, TNF- alpha and other inflammatory cytokines

Question 13

essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

Answer 13

rheumatoid factor (IgG/IgM)-IgG complexes leading to systemic vasculitis (not in joint, inverse)

Question 14

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 14

immune complexes formed with nuclear components (DNA, histones, etc) rash, arthritis, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis

Question 15

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 15

pancreatic b-cell autoantigens, b-cell destruction, insulin-dependent