Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical presentation
- Mainly young women of childbearing age
- Multiple organ systems
- Joint symptoms around 90%
- Mallar rash (butterfly) around 50%, rash over areas exposed to sunlight
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Immune system malfunction
Exact etiology unknown
Autoimmune disease: multisystem inflammation with generation of autoantibodies
-Auto antibodies
Caused by genetic and environmental stimuli:
- UV exposure
- Microbial response
- Drugs
Graves Disease
Clinical presentation
More common in women 8:1
- Goiter w/bruit
- Exophthalmos
- Enlarged thyroid gland
- Onset: 20-40 years
- Diaphoresis, heat intolerance, warm, moist skin, tremor, orange peel sin on the shins and tops of feet
Graves Disease
Immune system malfunction
Autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors (agonist) –> stimulate thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion -> diffuse goiter
Psoriasis
clinical presentation
- Well demarcated bright red wit silvery scales plaques on the flexures (knees and elbows) and scalp
- Nail pitting and onycholysis
- Mild pruritis
Psoriasis
Immune system malfunction
T cell mediated hyper proliferation of keratinocytes
Multiple sclerosis
Clinical presentation
- Episodic neurologic symptoms
- Pt. usually under 55 years of age at onset
- Weakness, numbness, tingling or unsteadiness in a limb
- Spastic paraparesis
- Retrobulbar optic neuritis, diplopia
Multiple sclerosis
Immune system malfunction
Like most, exact etiology unknown
Theory: -inflammatory autoimmune disorder mediated by auto reactive lymphocytes –> dominated by microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration
Crohns Disease
Clinical presentation
- Insidious onset; chronic illness with exacerbation and remission
- Intermittent bouts of low-grade fever, diarrhea, RLQ pain
- Most cases involve small bowel and colon
- 1/3 have perianal disease
Crowns Disease
Immune system malfunction
Etiology unknown
-Transmural inflammation of the GI tract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Clinica presentation
-polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
-Plasma glucose:
-Random: >201,
Fast: >127
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Immune system malfunction
Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, which produce insulin.
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
MOA: inhibition of production of IL-2, decrease proliferation of T-cells. CALCINEURIN inhibitor
Indication: Kidney, liver, cardiac transplant, also, RA, psoriasis
Tacrolimus
Prograf
MOA: inhibition of production of IL-2, decrease proliferation of T-cells, CALCINEURIN inhibitor
Indication: Kidney, liver, cardiac transplant, also severe atopic dermatitis
azathioprine Basic drug category MOA Indication Off label use
Imuran
Disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)
Disallows lymphocytes to use key nucleic acids
Anti-metabolite
Indication: Renal transplant, RA.
Off label use: crohns, lupus, MS, Psoriasis
