Antibiotic classes

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

MOA: Diffuse through porin channels, bind to Rib 30S, cause misread of genetic code. Bactericidal
Spectrum: Aerobic gram - bacilli
-often used in combo with Beta-lactam

Question 2

Natural Penicillins

Answer 2

MOA: interfers w/ peptidoglycan cell wall synth. prevents cross linkages
Spectrum: Gram + and - cocci, gram + bacilli and spirochetes bacteria

Question 3

Extended spectrum aminopenicillin

Answer 3

Amoxicillin and ampicillin
Spectrum: Similar to natural penicillins (Gram +&- bacilli and gram + bacilli and spirochetes
- but more effective against gram - bacilli (listeria)

Question 4

Penicillinase-resistant

Answer 4

Use is restricted to infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci & methicillin sensitive S. aureus

Question 5

Antipseudomonal penicillin

Answer 5

piperacillin

-work against P. aeruginosa.

Question 6

Cephalosporins 1st gen

Answer 6

MOA: interferes w/ peptidoglycan cell wall synth, more resistant to Beta-lactamases
Spectrum: mostly Gram+ and strep and staph

Question 7

Cephalosporins 2nd gen

Answer 7

MOA: interferes w/ peptidoglycan cell wall synth, more resistant to Beta-lactamases
Spectrum: Gram +, enhanced Gram - and anaerobic

Question 8

Cephalosporins 3rd gen

Answer 8

MOA: interferes w/ peptidoglycan cell wall synth, more resistant to Beta-lactamases
Spectrum: Enhanced gram -, weaker gram +

Question 9

Cephalosporins 4th gen

Answer 9

MOA: interferes w/ peptidoglycan cell wall synth, more resistant to Beta-lactamases
Spectrum: Enhanced gram + and gram -, strep and staph

Question 10

monobactams

Answer 10

MOA: Beta-lactam, more resistant to Beta-lactamase.
- only one fused ring
Spectrum: primarily gram negative, 
(Enterobacteriaceae + P. aeruginosa)
- not against: gram + and anaerobes

Question 11

carbapenems

Answer 11

MOA: Beta-lactam, more resistant to Beta-lactamase
-Carbon replaces sulfur atom
Spectrum: Broadest spectrum B-lactam

Question 12

vancomycin

Answer 12

MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram + bacteria
Spectrum: B-lactamase inhibitor, (used in combo)
- good for MRSA and MRSE

Question 13

tetracyclines

Answer 13

MOA: Binds reversibly to 30S Rib subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synth
Spectrum: effective against G+, G-, spirochetes, mycobacteria

Question 14

quinolones

Answer 14

MOA: enter through porin channels, effect DNA gyrase, results in relaxation of supercoiled DNA, promoting strand breakage. Also inhibits topoisomerase 4 impacting chromosomal stabilization during division
Spectrum: Gram - bacteria and gonorrhea

Question 15

macrolides

Answer 15

MOA: Bind irreversably to 50S, inhibits translation steps of protein synth
-Drug of choice as alternate for pt. with penicillin allergies
Spectrum: Gram +, gram-, anerobic
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Question 16

sulfonamides

Answer 16

MOA: inhibit synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid and thus prevent synthesis of RNA and DNA
Spectrum: Enterobacteriaceae: gram neg, rods, facultative anerobes. Nocardia

Question 17

anaerobic agents

Answer 17

Cephalosporins, glycopeptides, macrolides