Autism Spectrum Disorders/Condition Flashcards
Autism refers to auto as in ones self, meaning they are alone and isolated from others due to their lack of social interaction and communication, which is essentially the traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
ASD can range from mild impairments to severe impairments and is not a singular diagnose, but rather a spectrum
What is the prevalence (number of people with a condition over a specified time) of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children and adolescents?
1 - 0.9%
2 - 9%
3 - 29%
4 - 59%
1 - 0.9%
What % of those with ASD also have a learning disability?
1 - 0.9-9%
2 - 9-19%
3 - 20-30%
4 - 50-70%
4 - 50-70%
- important to rule out other potential causes for symptoms of ASD, such as deafness, poor vision, learning disability
Neurodevelopment disorders arise due to abnormalities in growth and development of the CNS. What is the key feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders?
1 - deficits and delays in social and communication development
2 - hyperactivity
3 - inattention
4 - anger
1 - deficits and delays in social and communication development
- also associated with restricted patterns of interest and behaviour
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by specific impairments. Which 2 of the following are diagnostic of ASD?
1 - deficits in social and communication interactions
2 - learning difficulties
3 - inattention and frustration
4 - restricted, repetitive inflexible interests and behaviours
1 - deficits in social and communication interactions
4 - restricted, repetitive inflexible interests and behaviours
Are men or women more likely to be diagnosed with ASD?
- men
- BUT this is though to be because women are able to mask it better and imitate normal behaviours
How is ASD diagnosed?
- -imaging
2 - clinical
3 - biomarkers
4 - psychomotor tests
2 - clinical
- psychomotor tests can be useful
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by specific impairments. One of these is deficits in social interactions:
- difficult to initiate and maintain interactions
- not interested in affection from parents
- difficult to make and maintain friends
- difficulty sharing with others
- babies that don’t like being held
- lack of social cues
- these deficits must be persistent and affect all aspects of life
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by specific impairments. One of these is deficits is communication difficulties:
- 25% of patient are speech deficient
- Aspergers syndrome is commonly used to refer to children with ASD who have normal language abilities
- unusual speech form, type
- use a string of questions to maintain conversation
- these deficits must be persistent and affect all aspects of life
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by specific impairments. One of these deficits is: - restricted, repetitive inflexible interests and behaviours:
- specific, often unusual fixed interests
- lack of interest to play with toys
- repetitive movements and sounds, similar to OCD
- fixed inflexible routines and stressed when changes are introduced
- sensory hyper or hyposensitivitycifc
- these deficits must be persistent and affect all aspects of life
In the definition of autism spectrum disorders, does the disorder develop in the development phase (<18 y/o) or in adulthood?
- development phase (<18 y/o)
Parents tend to notice subtle symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their children. However, typically what age are children diagnosed with ASD?
1 - <1 y/o
2 - 3-4 y/o
3 - 7-10 y/o
4 - <16 y/o
2 - 3-4 y/o
- can be missed until adulthood though
In a young child which of the following are signs that may be present, suggestive of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
1 - not looking at faces, even parents
2 - failure to show interest
3 - reduced pretend/imaginative play
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing ASD?
1 - MMR Vaccine
2 - Gestational diabetes
3 - Parents aged >30
4 - Valproate during pregnancy
1 - MMR Vaccine
- no evidence for this
Genetics play a key role in ASD. Is this most likely to be polygenic or a single gene?
- polygenic
- evident with range of phenotypes