Autism and ADHD Flashcards
ASD definition
lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent difficulties in social interaction and communication, stereotypic behaviours, resistance to change or restricted interest
ASD prevalence
higher in males
ASD causes
genetic
environmental
family - very heritable!
ASD co-occuring disorders
intellectual disability
heterogenous mental health condition
epilepsy
sensory problems
GI problems - IBD, coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, constipation
ASD diagnosis
persistent deficits in initiating and sustaining social communication, not up to individual’s age or level of development
persistent restricted and inflexible patterns of behaviour, given age and sociocultural context
onset occurs during developmental period typically in early childhood
sx cause significant impairment in all areas, and affects functioning
ASD screening
persistent difficulties in social ineraction, communication
resistant to change, restricted interests
problems in obtaining or sustaining employment or education
difficulty in initiating or sustain social relationships
previous or current contact with mental health or learning disability services
hx of neurodevelopmental conditions or mental disorder
assessment tools ASD
ADOS
DISCO
ADI-R
3Di
ASD principles of management
no pharmacological tx
MDT
supportive/modified intervention environment
educational support
social support
employment opportunities
develop independence
manage comorbidites
ADHD definition
persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
ADHD subtypes
inattentive
hyperactive-impuslive
combined (majority)
ADHD prevalence adults
in uk - 3/4%
ADHD cause
uncertain
genetic and environment
family hx - twin studies
risk factors ADHD
family hx
low birth weight
maternal smoking
preterm delivery
epilepsy
brain injury
lead exposure
iron defiency
alcohol exposure during pregnancy
psychosocial adversity
adverse maternal mental health
co-occuring disorders ADHD
oppositional defiant disorder
conduct disorder
substance abuse
mood disorders
ASD
dyslexia
dyscalculia
dyspraxia
ADHD diagnosis
sx of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity
- started before 12 yrs od age
- occured in two or more settings
- present for at least 6 months
- interfere with functioning
- sx not accounted by another mental disorder
- not due to substance misuse
inattential sx include
difficulty sustaining attention
lack attention to detail
make careless mistakes
not completing tasks
easily distracted
not listening
daydreaming
loses things
forgetful
difficulty remembering to complete future tasks
difficulty planning
hyperactivity-impulsivity sx include
excess motor activity
difficulty sitting stikk
physical restlesness
sense of discomfort
difficult engaging in activity
talks too much
difficult waiting turn in convo
impulsive deicisons
reckless driving
ADHD tx
supporting people
treat co-exist mental health conditions and substances misuse
declare to DVLA
involving schools, colleges etc
psychological intetvention or CBT
1st line - lisdexamfetamine/dexamfetamine or methylphenidate
2nd line - atomoxetine
ADHD monitoring
BMI
CVD - HR, BP, monitor for resting tachycardia, arrythmia or high systolic BP
tics
sexual dysfunction
seizures
sleep
worsening behaviour
stimulant misue
s/e and monitoring of methylphenidate
abdominal pain, nausea and dyspepsia. In children, weight and height should be monitored every 6 months
cardiotoxic -ecg
non phamacological mx of autism
Applied behavioural analysis (ABA).
ASD preschool program.
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication related handicapped CHildren (TEACCH)/Structured Teaching method.
Early Start Denver Model (ESDM).
Joint Attention Symbolic Play Engagement and Regulation (JASPER).
