Autism

Question 1

Diagnostic Criteria for ASD

Answer 1

Deficits in:
-Social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication behaviors
-developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Hyper- or hypo- reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects

Question 1

What sensory systems are most often impacted with ASD

Answer 1

Auditory
Visual
Tactile

Question 2

Low threshold and ASD

Answer 2

Auditory- cover ears, difficulties in a social environment
Tactile- particular about the texture of clothing or food
Oral- may have a limited diet due to taste and texture

Question 3

High thresholds and ASD

Answer 3

most evident in young children
Interoception- don’t respond to pain or hunger
Auditory- don’t respond to noises, maybe even own name
vestib and prop- low registration and seeking

Question 4

ABA and ASD

Answer 4

tracking and rewarding behaviors
changing a behavior after it occurs
behavior is reinforced by repetitive positive reinforcement’s
Set up certain antecendants and if the wanted behavior occurs they praise it

Question 5

Relationship-based Model for ASD

Answer 5

Developmental individual relationship based model (DIR)

Question 6

DIR and ASD

Answer 6

A lot of floor time to get down to the client level and help form a relationship
Develop strategies to regulate
Look at individual Differences
Relationships that help Facilitate growth

Question 7

Educational Approaches to ASD

Answer 7

TEACCH
SCERTS

Question 8

TEACCH Approach

Answer 8

structured teaching approach
structured schedule environment, and curriculum
Uses a lot of visual cues and schedules

Question 9

SCRETS Approach

Answer 9

Incorporates an ABA style in a more natural situations
focuses on changing the environment to improve regulation
incorporates self regulation strategies

Question 10

Learn, play, thrive

Answer 10

strengths-based approach
looks at neurodiversity as the individual

Question 11

Responses to visual system

Answer 11

squinting
closing one eye
looking sideways at objects
rubbing eyes
hand flicking in front of face for increased input
staring at patterns

Question 12

Parvocellular pathway/ Ventral Stream

Answer 12

object recognition
only is focal
allows us to see details
voluntary whether or not we focus on an image
minimal integration with other sensory systems

Question 13

Mangocellular pathway/Dorsal stream

Answer 13

where is it, where am
repsonds to information in whole visual field
Reponds to motion
often integrated with other systems, if other systems not working this wont either
Often ambient- not knowing what’s going on around

Question 14

Visual Processing and ASD

Answer 14

difficulty coordinating their focal and ambient visual pathways due to differenes in processing visually infor cortically
Focal system typcially works well

Question 15

Visual Efficiency

Answer 15

Fixation
Eye movements- pursuits and saccades
Bioncularity

Question 16

Binocularity

Answer 16

coordination of both eyes
important for depth perception
commonly challenging for individuals with ASD

Question 17

Strabismus

Answer 17

eyes turning in different directions
common in ASD
can be suttle

Question 18

Convergence insufficiency

Answer 18

Staying focused on something when it is coming towards or away from eyes
commonly difficult for individuals with ASD

Question 19

Common visual difficulties for individuals with ASD

Answer 19

see narrow view or world
minimal visual info of what is around them
difficulty with focus, fixation
compensate by providing more Dinesen sensory input to increase body awareness

Question 20

Visual Interventions with ASD

Answer 20

Increase body awareness and awareness of world around
Use vision to guide movements
look at other sensory systems and how that may be effecting visual skills

Question 21

Prisms

Answer 21

Shift light before getting to eye
Tricks the image so the eye can see
Chan shift focus in children with nystagmus
corrects misalignment of the eyes

Question 22

Eval for pupillary response

Answer 22

Ask client to focus on object in room
shine light in pupils and watch for speed of constriction
Response should be the same in both eyes

Question 23

Ocular alignment- strabismus eval

Answer 23

Client will fixate on penlight in front of them
observe if the penlight is the same in both corneas

Question 24

Eval for Saccades

Answer 24

hold two markers 16 inches from face
verbally command which color to look at 10 times
observe for accuracy of eye movements and any movements of head or body

Question 25

Eval for Pursuits

Answer 25

Focus on nose of therapist
Therapist will move marker in all directions and client follows with eyes
Clinician will then move two markers in clockwise and counterclockwise and have client alternate which marker they are looking at

Question 26

Eval for vergence

Answer 26

Client focuses on the marker in front of him
clinican will move marker toward the face until client sees double
clinican will then move the marker away from face

Question 27

Sensory Lens and feeding with ASD

Answer 27

common challenges:
noise being too loud
odors
Social atmosphere
Taste
Texture