Australia

Question 1

Who “discovered” Australia in 1770

Answer 1

Captain cook

Question 2

When does the first fleet of criminals arrive in Botony Bay ?

Answer 2

1788

Question 3

What 3 reasons might Britian have taken Australia

Answer 3

French might take it
Need somewhere to put criminals since 1 British penal system in crisis 2 lost the American colonies where criminals were often dumped
Banks said that the land was fertile to crops

Question 4

Why was the first penal colony established in Sydney Cove and not Botony Bay ?

Answer 4

Although Banks had recommended Botony Bay,

It had no fresh water or cultivable soil

Question 5

Who was the captain of the first penal colony ?

Answer 5

Philip

Question 6

What were the failures of philip’s first colony ?

Answer 6

More expensive than government thought (84,000)

Two supply ships were shipwrecked

Sydney Cove did not yield much crop

Question 7

What were the successes with Philip’s first penal colony in terms of food ? 3

Answer 7

Controlled food store with fair rations so no riots !

Stocked up on extra food for the boat against British advice which was actually necessary for survival.

Only one man starved

Question 8

What were the successes in philip’s first colony in terms of housing ?

Answer 8

Everyone was housed by 1792

Question 9

How did Governer Philip control everyone?

Answer 9

Seamen would act as police

He had the ability to inflict the death penalty in

Question 10

When did Governer Philip’s first settlers arrive at Botony Bay ?

Answer 10

1788

Question 11

Describe the first settlers of Governer Philip’s penal colony

Answer 11

1420 people
723 convicts with 2/3 sent for minor crimes like theft
600 seamen

Question 12

Where was the second penal colony established ?

Answer 12

Norfolk Island

Question 13

What happened to the second fleet ?

When did it arrive ?

Answer 13

1790
Lady Julianna arrives with women
150 out of 222 females die on voyage

Question 14

What did the second fleet vitally bring for phillip’s colony ?

Answer 14

Livestock and supplies which the colony practically lived from

Question 15

What were philip’s successes in terms of land cultibility

Answer 15

1000 acres cultible by 1792

Question 16

How much did governor Phillip’s first colony financially cost

Answer 16

84,000 instead of 70,000

Question 17

Describe the people of Governer Phillip’s first colony

Answer 17

600 seamen

732 convicts send for minor crimes (theft 2/3)

Question 18

When did whaling begin?

Answer 18

1791

Question 19

When were the rum years ?

Answer 19

1792-1809

Question 20

Who took charge during the rum years?

What did they do to Governer Bligh?

Answer 20

The New South Wales corps

They overthrew Bligh and sent him on a boat back to England in 1808

Question 21

When was Macquarie Governer ?

Answer 21

1810-1821

Question 22

Who did the NSW corps overthrow

Answer 22

Governer Bligh

Question 23

What did Governer Macquarie do to the NSW corps ?

How was this limited ?

Answer 23

He removes NSW corps sending them to Europe

However the NSW corps who retired could not be sent back like MacArthur who became problematic for Macquarie later

Question 24

What was a “ticket of leave”

Answer 24

Semi freedom . Work then paid for extra work

Question 25

Currency?

Answer 25

Free child born to convict

Question 26

Sterling ?

Answer 26

Child born to a free settler

Question 27

What did Macquarie do to get the colony off alcohol ?

Answer 27

- it couldn't be bought during church | - removed the rum currency to the holy dollar

Question 28

What was the role for women like in the colony ? How did Macquarie alter this ?

Answer 28

They were often 'welcomed' by being raped on arrival - seriously outnumbered to the men. Over half of them were 'concubines' Macquarie introduced 'benefit of the clergy' giving women the right to inherit land if their husband died

Question 29

When were the blue mountains crossed ?

Answer 29

1813

Question 30

What did Macquarie do to get a road to the blue mountains set up in 6 months ?

Answer 30

Said he'd give early pardons to the convicts who built it if they did so in 6 months

Question 31

What did the road to the blue mountains unlock

Answer 31

Cultible soil Enough grazing lands to support the colony for 30 years - Blaxland

Question 32

Who designed the rum hospital

Answer 32

Greenaway - convict

Question 33

How did Macquarie improve infrastructure

Answer 33

265 building built Sydney prison Rum hospital Toll road between Sydney and parramatta

Question 34

Why were the free settlers angry at Macquarie? | What did they do?

Answer 34

They wanted the convicts to work for them in a new underclass. Macquarie gave them land so they formed rival farms They wrote to British - key person MacArthur stating how Macquarie was too soft

Question 35

Where did Macquarie let emancipist build along ?

Answer 35

Hawksbury river

Question 36

What happened with aboriginals along the hawksbury river ?

Answer 36

14 aboriginals were killed

Question 37

What was the biggee report

Answer 37

1822 In response to the the letters from the free settlers Said no more tickets of leave or early pardons Macquarie was removed Gurenteed a different rule

Question 38

Who was the Governer of VDL

Answer 38

Governer Arthur

Question 39

How many sheep were there on VDL by 1827

Answer 39

436,256

Question 40

When was Western Australia expanded into ?

Answer 40

1826

Question 41

Why was Western Australia expanded into

Answer 41

To stop the french from doing it

Question 42

Who were the swan river company ? | What did they do ?

Answer 42

Bought land from the British government in 1829 (Silent partner Levey ex con ) Aimed for 10,000 people in Western Australia Got 1500 there First free colony !!!

Question 43

What was the British governments official policy to the aboriginals

Answer 43

Punish those who attack them but also take their land

Question 44

What was the aboriginal culture ? | Why was this so difficult for the British

Answer 44

Hunter gatherers No concept of private property So explaining that British land was British land did not compute with aboriginals

Question 45

What was the main industry in VDL

Answer 45

Whaling and sealing Emancipists ! Campbell got free trade for whaling and sealing goods like skins and soaps

Question 46

What happened to turn Australia into more of a colony in 1823

Answer 46

Legislative councils advise the Governer Increase from 7-15 Over half of which weren't appointed by the Governer Independent judiciary

Question 47

By 1828 how many free settlers were there compared to convicts

Answer 47

16,000 convicts | 21,000 free settlers

Question 48

What happened with aboriginals on NSW

Answer 48

Most were wiped out by disease Initial aboriginal trade with Arthur Settlers did not have guns and did not have free reign to Kill them Aboriginals initially paid in alcohol to catch escaped convicts However Violent reprisal raids Most of them were wiped out

Question 49

What was the black war between setters and aboriginals VDL

Answer 49

1804 onwards War between them Unprovoked attacks in the bush killing aboriginals

Question 50

How did the settlers of VDL kill aboriginals

Answer 50

They had the means to - they had guns Bushwhakcers !!!

Question 51

What did Governer Arthur do the aboriginals

Answer 51

- 4000 man effort to push them to the north east | - forced relocation of the last 100 aboriginals in 1830

Question 52

Aboriginal in VDL stats

Answer 52

In 1803 there was between 3000 and 4000 aboriginal people By 1830, 99% were wiped out Last 100 forced relocation Complete genocide Truganini dies 1876