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Empire > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

1
Q

Who “discovered” Australia in 1770

A

Captain cook

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2
Q

When does the first fleet of criminals arrive in Botony Bay ?

A

1788

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3
Q

What 3 reasons might Britian have taken Australia

A

French might take it
Need somewhere to put criminals since 1 British penal system in crisis 2 lost the American colonies where criminals were often dumped
Banks said that the land was fertile to crops

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4
Q

Why was the first penal colony established in Sydney Cove and not Botony Bay ?

A

Although Banks had recommended Botony Bay,

It had no fresh water or cultivable soil

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5
Q

Who was the captain of the first penal colony ?

A

Philip

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6
Q

What were the failures of philip’s first colony ?

A

More expensive than government thought (84,000)

Two supply ships were shipwrecked

Sydney Cove did not yield much crop

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7
Q

What were the successes with Philip’s first penal colony in terms of food ? 3

A

Controlled food store with fair rations so no riots !

Stocked up on extra food for the boat against British advice which was actually necessary for survival.

Only one man starved

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8
Q

What were the successes in philip’s first colony in terms of housing ?

A

Everyone was housed by 1792

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9
Q

How did Governer Philip control everyone?

A

Seamen would act as police

He had the ability to inflict the death penalty in

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10
Q

When did Governer Philip’s first settlers arrive at Botony Bay ?

A

1788

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11
Q

Describe the first settlers of Governer Philip’s penal colony

A

1420 people
723 convicts with 2/3 sent for minor crimes like theft
600 seamen

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12
Q

Where was the second penal colony established ?

A

Norfolk Island

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13
Q

What happened to the second fleet ?

When did it arrive ?

A

1790
Lady Julianna arrives with women
150 out of 222 females die on voyage

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14
Q

What did the second fleet vitally bring for phillip’s colony ?

A

Livestock and supplies which the colony practically lived from

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15
Q

What were philip’s successes in terms of land cultibility

A

1000 acres cultible by 1792

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16
Q

How much did governor Phillip’s first colony financially cost

A

84,000 instead of 70,000

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17
Q

Describe the people of Governer Phillip’s first colony

A

600 seamen

732 convicts send for minor crimes (theft 2/3)

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18
Q

When did whaling begin?

A

1791

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19
Q

When were the rum years ?

A

1792-1809

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20
Q

Who took charge during the rum years?

What did they do to Governer Bligh?

A

The New South Wales corps

They overthrew Bligh and sent him on a boat back to England in 1808

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21
Q

When was Macquarie Governer ?

A

1810-1821

22
Q

Who did the NSW corps overthrow

A

Governer Bligh

23
Q

What did Governer Macquarie do to the NSW corps ?

How was this limited ?

A

He removes NSW corps sending them to Europe

However the NSW corps who retired could not be sent back like MacArthur who became problematic for Macquarie later

24
Q

What was a “ticket of leave”

A

Semi freedom . Work then paid for extra work

25
Q

Currency?

A

Free child born to convict

26
Q

Sterling ?

A

Child born to a free settler

27
Q

What did Macquarie do to get the colony off alcohol ?

A
  • it couldn’t be bought during church

- removed the rum currency to the holy dollar

28
Q

What was the role for women like in the colony ?

How did Macquarie alter this ?

A

They were often ‘welcomed’ by being raped on arrival - seriously outnumbered to the men.
Over half of them were ‘concubines’

Macquarie introduced ‘benefit of the clergy’ giving women the right to inherit land if their husband died

29
Q

When were the blue mountains crossed ?

A

1813

30
Q

What did Macquarie do to get a road to the blue mountains set up in 6 months ?

A

Said he’d give early pardons to the convicts who built it if they did so in 6 months

31
Q

What did the road to the blue mountains unlock

A

Cultible soil

Enough grazing lands to support the colony for 30 years - Blaxland

32
Q

Who designed the rum hospital

A

Greenaway - convict

33
Q

How did Macquarie improve infrastructure

A

265 building built
Sydney prison
Rum hospital
Toll road between Sydney and parramatta

34
Q

Why were the free settlers angry at Macquarie?

What did they do?

A

They wanted the convicts to work for them in a new underclass.
Macquarie gave them land so they formed rival farms

They wrote to British - key person MacArthur stating how Macquarie was too soft

35
Q

Where did Macquarie let emancipist build along ?

A

Hawksbury river

36
Q

What happened with aboriginals along the hawksbury river ?

A

14 aboriginals were killed

37
Q

What was the biggee report

A

1822

In response to the the letters from the free settlers

Said no more tickets of leave or early pardons

Macquarie was removed

Gurenteed a different rule

38
Q

Who was the Governer of VDL

A

Governer Arthur

39
Q

How many sheep were there on VDL by 1827

A

436,256

40
Q

When was Western Australia expanded into ?

A

1826

41
Q

Why was Western Australia expanded into

A

To stop the french from doing it

42
Q

Who were the swan river company ?

What did they do ?

A

Bought land from the British government in 1829
(Silent partner Levey ex con )

Aimed for 10,000 people in Western Australia
Got 1500 there
First free colony !!!

43
Q

What was the British governments official policy to the aboriginals

A

Punish those who attack them but also take their land

44
Q

What was the aboriginal culture ?

Why was this so difficult for the British

A

Hunter gatherers
No concept of private property
So explaining that British land was British land did not compute with aboriginals

45
Q

What was the main industry in VDL

A

Whaling and sealing

Emancipists !

Campbell got free trade for whaling and sealing goods like skins and soaps

46
Q

What happened to turn Australia into more of a colony in 1823

A

Legislative councils advise the Governer
Increase from 7-15
Over half of which weren’t appointed by the Governer
Independent judiciary

47
Q

By 1828 how many free settlers were there compared to convicts

A

16,000 convicts

21,000 free settlers

48
Q

What happened with aboriginals on NSW

A

Most were wiped out by disease
Initial aboriginal trade with Arthur
Settlers did not have guns and did not have free reign to Kill them
Aboriginals initially paid in alcohol to catch escaped convicts

However
Violent reprisal raids
Most of them were wiped out

49
Q

What was the black war between setters and aboriginals

VDL

A

1804 onwards
War between them
Unprovoked attacks in the bush killing aboriginals

50
Q

How did the settlers of VDL kill aboriginals

A

They had the means to - they had guns

Bushwhakcers !!!

51
Q

What did Governer Arthur do the aboriginals

A
  • 4000 man effort to push them to the north east

- forced relocation of the last 100 aboriginals in 1830

52
Q

Aboriginal in VDL stats

A

In 1803 there was between 3000 and 4000 aboriginal people

By 1830, 99% were wiped out
Last 100 forced relocation

Complete genocide
Truganini dies 1876

Empire (8 decks)

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