Australia

Question 1

Australians fought in:

Answer 1

• German settlements in New Guinea
• Took German possessions
  □ Nauru
  □ Samoa
  □ Solomon islands
  □ Indian ocean
  ® Cocos islands
  ® German Cruiser Emden
  □ Gallipoli
  □ Western Front, France
  ® The Somme
  ® Passchendaele
  ® Villers-Bretonneux
  □ Middle east
  ® Palestine
  ® Syria
  ® Beersheba

Question 2

When is ANZAC day and how many troops

Answer 2

§ ANZAC day - 25 April 1915

§ 16 000 troops

Question 3

What happened to Anzacs in Gallipoli

Answer 3

§ ANZACS landed on Suvla bay north of destination - Cape Helles
§ 2 000 killed or wounded on the first day
§ Intentions:
□ Provide supply route to Russia
□ To allow the Russian fleet to reach the Mediterranean through Bosphorus
□ To weaken Turkey as an ally of Austria-Hungary and Germany

Question 4

Disaster and carnage in Aussies landing in Gallipoli due to

Answer 4

□ Poor allied military intelligence
□ Old, outdated maps
□ Alien territory (to the Allies)
□ Bad luck
□ Badly planned supply lines
□ Incompetence and indecisiveness

Question 5

Turkish casualties

Answer 5

® 250 000
® 65 000 deaths
® Estimates vary

Question 6

ANZAC Casualties

Answer 6

® 33 600
® 8 000 deaths
® Sources vary

Question 7

Allied casualties

Answer 7

® 252 000
® 48 000 deaths
® Sources vary

Question 8

ANZAC spirit

Answer 8

® Courage
® Tenacity
® Laconic humour in adversity
® Mateship
® 'diggers'

Question 9

When did Australia and Britain enter war

Answer 9

○ Entered war on August 4 1914

Question 10

Why did Aussies enlist with enthusiasm?

Answer 10

§ Aussies thought the war would be over by Christmas
	§ Excited about war
        § Sense of adventure
	§ Had a noble vision of war
	§ Had an opportunity to travel
	§ Could fulfil their patriotic duty
	§ Escape unemployment and poverty
	§ Influence of 
		□ Church
		□ Family
		□ Women
		□ Teachers
		□ Peers
○ Loyalty to Britain
○ Spirit of adventure
○ Experience of war isn't known to most people

Question 11

Why is the Aussie involvement in the WW1 important?

Answer 11

• the first war that Australia fought as a federation/ separate country
• helps us understand Aussie society and the wider world

Question 12

Gallipoli Campaign

Answer 12

○ Landing of troops at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915
○ Attacks and counter-attacks by ANZAC and Turkish soldiers over 8 months, including fighting at Lone Pine and the Nek.
○ Withdrawing of ANZAC troops in December 1915

Question 13

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

Conscription Debate

Answer 13

• decline in enlistments and heavy casualties on the Western Front caused Prime Minister Billy Hughes to call for two public votes on conscription in 1916 and 1917
• both resulting in a majority of ‘no’ votes
• The conscription debate was a hugely divisive issue in Australia

Question 14

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

Use of government propaganda

Answer 14

• government-issued pro-conscription and anti-German propaganda
  
  • includes flyers and posters
• Propaganda was designed to
  
  • glorify the efforts of Australian soldiers overseas
  • maintain public anger towards the enemy
  • motivate people to join the war effort and regulate their behaviour

Question 15

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

Changing roles of women

Answer 15

• women moved into previously male occupations
• to support the war effort with the
• intention that they would return to domestic roles and traditional occupations after the war

Question 16

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

Internment/imprisonment of ‘enemy aliens’

Answer 16

• people with German backgrounds or born in countries at war with Australia were imprisoned in remote camps to isolate them from the general public

Question 17

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

War-time controls and censorships

Answer 17

• extension of Commonwealth powers allowed the government to
  
  • collect income tax
  • censor media and communications
  • control the movement of ‘enemy aliens’
  • among other war-time controls

Question 18

IMPACT OF WARS IN AUSTRALIA

Participation of Aboriginal and Torres- Strait islanders

Answer 18

• Indigenous Australians attempting to enlist were initially turned away
• by 1916 changes were made so that ‘half-castes’ could enlist
• Over 300 Indigenous Australians fought in the army
• at this time they could not vote and were not counted as Australian citizens