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3. Cat & Dog > Aural surgery > Flashcards

Aural surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Main Surgical Diseases

A
  • Aural Hematoma
  • Surgery of the Pinna
  • Feline Inflammatory Polyps
  • Otitis
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2
Q

Aural Hematoma cuase

A
  • Violent head shaking or scratching
  • Usually due to otitis externa
  • Cartilage fractures
  • Branches of the great auricular artery rupture and create a hematoma within the cartilage
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3
Q

Aural Hematoma treatment optoins

A

Needle Drainage
vs Surgical Tx

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4
Q

Surgery of the Pinna can involve what structures

A

Can involve skin on concave, convex side or cartilage or all three

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5
Q

Pinnal neoplasias that could require surgery:

A

▸ Actinic keratoses➝Dysplasia➝Squamous
cell carcinoma
▸ Hemangiosarcoma
▸ Mast cell tumor
▸ Basal cell carcinoma
▸ Histiocytomas

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6
Q

Otitis Externa

A
  • inflammation of the vertical and horizontal ear canal
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7
Q

Otitis Media

A
  • inflammation of the tympanic cavity and membrane
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8
Q

Otitis Interna

A
  • inflammation of the inner ear; caused by extension of infection into the petrosal bone from otitis media
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9
Q

Otitis Externa - Treatment

A

Medical Management
* Underlying cause?
* Cleaning/flushing the ear
* Drying agents
* Topical medications

Surgical Management
* When Medical Management Fails
* Cases with neoplastic cause or stenotic canals
* Need to evaluate for concurrent Otitis Media

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10
Q

Otitis Media and Interna
- cause in dogs and cats

A

Dogs:
Extension of Otitis Externa
Bacterial infection
()
Cats:
Extension of Otitis Externa Nasopharyngeal Polyp

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11
Q

Otitis Interna - History/Clinical Signs

A
  • Similar to Otitis Media
  • Peripheral Vestibular Disease
    > Head Tilt
    > Circling/Rolling/Falling to one side
    > Nystagmus (Fast phase away from lesion)
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12
Q

Otitis Media and Interna - Treatment options

A

medical or surgery

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13
Q

Otitis Media and Interna - Medical Treatment

A
  • Underlying cause?
  • Remove infected tissue/exudate
  • Myringotomy?
  • Systemic Antibiotics
    Most cases will require surgery
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14
Q

Otitis Media and Interna - surgical Treatment

A
  • Bulla osteotomy (with total ear canal ablation in dogs / ventral bulla osteotomy cats)
  • Remove affected tissue
  • Culture
  • Antibiotics
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15
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection purpose

A
  • Increased drainage and ventilation
  • Facilitates administration of topical agents
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16
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection indications? contraindications? owner satisfaction?

A

Indications:
- Minimal hyperplasia
- Small neoplastic lesion on lateral canal

Contraindications:
- Otitis Media

Owner satisfaction is low

17
Q

Vertical Canal Ablation indications? contraindications?

A

Indications:
- Vertical canal diseased, horizontal canal is normal (rare)
- Benign tumor of vertical canal

Contraindications:
- Otitis Media

18
Q

BOTH, lateral and vertical canal ablations will fail if …

A

if the underlying dermatologic disease is not addressed

19
Q

Total Ear Canal Ablation (TECA) and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (BO) indications
(TECA-BO)

A
  • Severe end-stage otitis externa
  • Cockers!!
  • Neoplasia confined to the external canal
20
Q

(TECA-BO) Post-operative Care

A
  • Multimodal analgesia required!
  • +/- Head bandage
  • Eye lubricants
  • Empirical antimicrobial therapy
  • Monitor airway
21
Q

TECA-BO Complications

A

Facial Nerve Paralysis
Horner’s Syndrome
Incisional infection
Chronic draining tract – etiology??

22
Q

Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats - what is it, what can it cause?

A
  • Benign mass of the nasopharynx, auditory tube and/or tympanic cavity
  • Cause of otitis media in cats
  • Pedunculated, smooth, shiny pink mass
23
Q

Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats - locations

A

1) Behind soft palate
2) Protruding from ear canal

24
Q

Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats cause?

A

Cause unknown – Infectious?? vs Congential??

25
Q

Nasopharyngeal Polyps in Cats
- signalment
- history
- PE

A

Signalment:
- <2years of age most commonly

History:
- Upper respiratory obstruction (Stertor)
- Dysphagia/Gagging
- Signs of otitis externa/media

PE:
- Mass in ear canal or dorsal to soft palate

26
Q

Conservative Management of Nasopharyngeal polyps? recurrence rate?

A

Traction + prednisolone: 10% recurrence

27
Q

Conservative Management of external ear polyps? recurrence?

A

Traction + prednisolone: 50% recurrence

28
Q

Ventral Bulla Osteotomy (VBO) should be considered for polyps when:

A

Neurologic signs
High risk of recurrence (Aural location?)
Recurrent case!!
Recurrence with VBO is <2%

29
Q

VBO Complications

A

Horners syndrome!
– Most cases resolve but can be permanent

3. Cat & Dog (33 decks)

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