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a-conserv zonas cost > aula 1 > Flashcards

aula 1 Flashcards

1
Q

zona cost def

A

dunas até fim da placa continental
both pelagic and benthic
combines terrestrial + marine + atmosf+ lithos domains

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2
Q

coastal zones subdivisions

A

uplands
coastal plains
intertidal (supralit med (sup e inferior) and infralit)
shore face
offshore

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3
Q

why there is high productivity in coastal zones

A

high nutrient input (upwelling)

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4
Q

ex de coastal ecosyst

A

rocky cliffs and intertidal rocky shores
sand dune, beaches and sand intertidal
estuaries
salt marshes
fjords
mangroves
mearl beds
caves
seagrass meadows
kelp froests
mesophotic zones
ice influenced

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5
Q

neuston

A

organisms living at the interface of
water and air

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6
Q

nekton

A

pelagic organisms with important
swimming abilities

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7
Q

plankton

A

organisms,
not capable of moving them against currents

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8
Q

benthos

A

organisms that depend on the
substrate/bottom of the ocean for living
(bacteria, phytobenthos, zoobenthos)

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9
Q

suprabenthos

A

fisrt layers above the sediments

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10
Q

epibenthos

A

on top of sediments

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11
Q

infauna

A

in between sediment grains

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12
Q

classif infauna according to size

A

meio <1mm
macro 1 to 3 cm
mega >3cm

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13
Q

biodiversity def

A

coined by EO Wilson :)

variability of organisms (entre e dentro de sp num ecosystems)

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14
Q

ecosystem functions define

A

physical, chemical and biological processes that transform and
translocate energy or materials in an ecosystem

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15
Q

Ecosystem functioning definition

A

combined effects of individual
functions, with the overall influences of :
- abiotic (physical and chemical)
- biotic factors (biodiversity is the most influential)

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16
Q

‘Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function’
relationship (BEF) definition

A

influence of biodiversity as a biotic factor that determines Ecosystem functioning

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17
Q

Biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships types

A

linear (+ or -) - there is complimentarity between species
exponential (+ or -) - there is redundancy

Linear negative never exists in nature

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18
Q

types of bio diversity

A

genetic
species
phylogeny
community/ ecosystem
seascapes
habitat

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19
Q

what is genetic diversity

A

Variability in the genetic makeup of
individuals in a population, and of
populations

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20
Q

como surge diversidade genetica

A

através de:
- processos indiv - recombinação e hibridização
- processos pop - genetic flow, natural selection, genetic drift

21
Q

componentes da diversidade de especies

A

riqueza especifica

evenness - quatibilidade

22
Q

o que e riqueza especifica

A

number of species that
occur in a given area

Species richness is the simplest measure of species diversity

23
Q

is there functional redundancy ?

A

yes
when multiple species perform similar roles or functions within an ecosystem

23
Q

ecosystems stability depends on

A

functional redundancy
+
biodiversidades (species, genetic, community…)

23
Q

o que e evenness

A

the way how individuals are
distributed among the
species

23
Q

diversidade funcional o que é

A

Variety of functional entities accomplished by species in an ecosystem
(resources as food, growth, movement)

23
Q

communities vs ecossytem definitions

A

population = group of same sp
community = association of sps without the environment
ecossytem= sps+ environment (not defined borders)

24
Q

Both functional richness and functional redundancy are related to (how can both increase)

A

species richness - both indices can only increase with + species

25
Q

habitat vs ecosystem

A

habitat has defined boundaries
inside ecosystems

26
Q

seascape def

A

group of habitats

27
Q

order from small to big:
seascape, population, habitat, ecosystem, community

A

pop<community<habitat<scapes<ecosyst

28
Q

whittaker measument of biodiversity components

A

4/5 scales:
point; alfa; gamma; epsilon; beta

29
Q

point diversity

A

diversity in a single sample

30
Q

Alpha diversity

A

Sp richness
diversity within a habitat (several samples/sites)

31
Q

Gamma diversity

A

Diversidade total
Alpha x beta

diversity of a larger unit, such as an island or landscape (several sets of
samples/sites

32
Q

Epsilon or regional diversity:

A

= gamma
mas mais abrangente

the total diversity of a group of areas of gamma diversity (a
biogeographic region

33
Q

beta (or transitional) diversity

A

how much diversity changes across: sites, habitats…

Difference of alpha between sites

34
Q

problem with shannon wiener index

A

still identifies the least diverse
sample but it “erases” the variability
among the other samples

=
oversimplified view of the ecosystem’s diversity

35
Q

when to stop samplig

A

when species accumulation curve plateaus

36
Q

ways to measure biodiversity

A

univariate indexes
species accumulation curves
Species abundance distributions
Quality measures

37
Q

examples of Species abundance distributions

A

ordinate species-abundance distributions

k-dominance curve

38
Q

examples of biodiversity measurements with quality measures

A

Marine Biological Value
* sum of scores according to richness, rarity and abundance of species

AMBI index
* based on diversity, abundance and presence of indicator species

39
Q

Environmental variability in costal zones defined by

A

Global spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton production are key in
coastal zones

40
Q

fatores que mudam no estudarios

A

salinidade
tamanho do sedimento
turbidez
temp
composição quimica

41
Q

onde há + biodiversidade fora ou dentro estuários

A

dentro devido complex habitats

42
Q

zonas do intertidal

A

sublitoral, intertidal, infralitoral
zonação vertical - fatores ambientais

43
Q

polar regions is particulary important for

A

primary
production

44
Q

Most diversity is concentrated in the Central Indo-Pacific, why

A

The Central Indo-Pacific “old” ocean = + time for colonization events

+ frequent “old” colonization events
than other regions

a-conserv zonas cost (4 decks)

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