Auditory & Vestibular Systems (Mixed)

Question 1

2 Vestibular peripheral sensory apparatus structures that detect linear movement/acceleration and gravity

Answer 1

Utricle and Saccule

Question 2

Pathway: Connection to the auditory system moves your head and eyes toward sound

Answer 2

Superior colliculus

Question 3

Structure: Biological sensor which converts head motion to neural firing present in the ampulla and otolith organs

Answer 3

Hair cell

Question 4

Describe the push pull system within the vestibular peripheral sensory apparatus

Answer 4

Relates to the peripheral sensory apparatus working in tandem to make the system more sensitive

Ex. When you turn your head to the right, the right horizontal canal is stimulated and the left horizontal canal is inhibited

Ex. Bending down right anterior is stimulated and left posterior is inhibited. The same is turn for the left anterior/right posterior relationship

Question 5

Structures for maintaining a stable gaze

Answer 5

Semicircular canals

Question 6

Cortical area: Comprehension of sound

Answer 6

Wernicke’s area

Question 7

Term: Side bend

Answer 7

Roll

Question 8

Term: Rotation

Answer 8

Yaw

Question 9

Condition: Loss of hearing due to pressure on the nerves, may be due to a benign tumor

Answer 9

Acoustic Neruoma

Question 10

Defn: Vestibulo-spinal reflex

Answer 10

Balance control

Question 11

Condition: Common in children, middle ear infection

Answer 11

Otitis media

Question 12

Condition: Difference between sides in the tonic firing rate within the vestibular nuclei

Answer 12

Nystagmus

Question 13

Tract: Head position

Answer 13

Medial vestibulospinal tract

Question 14

3 Systems that work together for Balance

Answer 14

1. Vestibular
2. Vision
3. Somatosensory

Question 15

Term: Up and down

Answer 15

Pitch

Question 16

2 Structures that provide information to postural muscles

Answer 16

Utricle and saccule

Question 17

3 functions of the auditory system in the CNS

Answer 17

1. Activating effect of sound (will wake you up)
2. Orienting effect (will move head and eyes to sound)
3. Recognition of sound

Question 18

Describe the arrangement of sound reception within the cochlea

Answer 18

Tonotopic arrangement

• higher frequencies at the base
• lower frequencies at the apex

ALL frequencies DO NOT stimulate every single hair cells.

Question 19

Condition: Results from a deficit in the vestibulo-ocular relfex causing unmaintained gaze while walking/running/etc.

Answer 19

Oscillopsia

Question 20

Describe the direction of the saccade in relationship to the affected side

Answer 20

Nystagmus is named for the direction of the eye movement

The slow phase is driven by the ears while the fast phase is driven by the CNS

If the the lesion is defict causing, the nystamus will beat to the opposite side or AWAY from the lesion

If the lesion is irritative the nystamus will beat to the same side or TOWARD the lesion

Question 21

Disrupted canal that matches the following nystagmus

1. Horizontal
2. Upbeats with torsion

Answer 21

1. Lateral semi-circular canal
2. Posterior semi-circular canal

Question 22

Pathway: Connection to the auditory system that relays information to the primary auditory cortex

Answer 22

Medial geniculate body

Question 23

Tract: Connection between vestibular system and stability muscles of the torso and LE (below neck)

Answer 23

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

Question 24

3 Vestibular peripheral sensory apparatus structures that detect angular movement (yaw, pitch, roll)

Answer 24

Anterior, Posterior, Lateral Semi-Circular Canal