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FINAL-BIOPSYCH > AUDITORY > Flashcards

AUDITORY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of middle ear ?

A

Air-filled cavity between the tympanic membrane
(ear drum) and the cochlea of the inner ear

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2
Q

what is tympanic membrane also called?

A

Ear drum

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3
Q

which ear has ossicles?

A

middle ear

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4
Q

which ear has ossicles?

A

middle ear

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5
Q

what are the 3 osscicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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6
Q

what is the function of osscicles

A

mechanical lever system

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7
Q

what strcuture plays a role in qualizing the air pressure of middle ear?

A

eustachian tube

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8
Q

how does eustachian tube ventilate the ME

A

equalizing ME air
pressure with atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

eustachian tube runs from___ to ___

A

middle ear to
nasopharynx,

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10
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear

A

saccule, utricle, and semicircular
ducts and the cochlea

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11
Q

how many semicircular ducts are there and what are they?

A

3 - Horizontal duct
– Posterior duct
– Anterior duct

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12
Q

The inner ear has dual functions?

A

: audition and equilibrium.

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13
Q

___ mediate equilibrium

A

Saccule, utricle, semicircular ducts

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14
Q

Saccule (vertical) and utricle (horizontal) sense sense?

A

linear acceleration

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15
Q

angular acceleration is mainted by ?

A

semicircular ducts

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16
Q

_____ serves hearing

A

cochlea

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17
Q

the outer wall of the inner ear is a

A

bony labryrinth

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18
Q

what separates the membraneous labyrinth from the bony walls?

A

perilymph ( extracellular

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19
Q

difference b/w membraneous labryntinth and

A
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20
Q

while endolymph is___ fluid perilymph is ___

A

intracellular, extracelluar

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21
Q

which fluid is extra-cellular

A

endolymph

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22
Q

what is filled in the membranous
labyrinth?

A

Endolymph (intracellular)

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23
Q

a conical shaped part of the inner ear that houses spiral ganglion?

A

cochlea

24
Q

cochlea turns ___ times around spiral ganglion

A

2.5

25
Q

which structure of the ear contains nerve fibres

A

cochlea

26
Q

name the three fluid-filled scalae in cochlea

A

scala
vestibuli, scala tympani, cochlear duct,

27
Q

which of these are not part of cochlea? -* Basilar membrane, outer hair cells, scalae, ossicles

A

ossicles

28
Q

95% cochlear nerves innervate

A

inner hari cells

29
Q

while inner hair celss____ cells, outer hair cells are___

A

sensory and amplifiers

30
Q

outer hair
cells funcrion?

A

hey amplify the vibration of the basilar
membrane.

31
Q

true or false?* More inner hair cells than outer hair cells

A

false

32
Q

what are otoacoustic emissions?

A

emitted by the ear itself

33
Q

what is the decibel of otoacoustic emission

A

up to 20db

34
Q

production of otoacoustic emissions is
now the basis of_____

A

roduction of otoacoustic emissions is
now the basis of important audiological tests

35
Q

how are they otoacoustic generated

A

Outer hair cells enhance basilar membrane
vibrations
* The vibrations could travel backward through
the perilymph and middle ear ossicles to
vibrate the tympanic membrane slightly.

36
Q

Combined signals from both ears are analyzed for sound localization in the brainstem. true or false

A

true

37
Q

which part of the primary auditory cortex helps witH sound pattern analysis ?

A

heschls gyri

38
Q

where are auditory signals are analyzed
and interpreted

A

WERNICKS AREA

39
Q

AUDITROY PATHWAY IS A BILATERAL PATHWAY TRUE OR FALSE

A

YES, COZ 2 EARS

40
Q
  • The main bundle of auditory fibers in the brainstem
A

LATERAL LEMNISCUS

41
Q

First brainstem nucleus where information
from both ears is received?

A

Superior Olivary Complex

42
Q

functions of Superior Olivary Complex

A
  • Accounts for part of directional hearing capability,, Compare time of arrival and intensity
    information from both ears
43
Q

Inferior Colliculus Projections lcation and function?

A

important auditory relay
nucleus for almost all lateral lemniscus fibers, * It is at the midbrain level

44
Q

there is no crossing over at Medial Geniculate Body. true or false

A

true

45
Q

MGB is important for ____

A

circuits that modulate
and inhibit ascending auditory information

46
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex situated in?

A

transverse Heschl’s gyrus(bA 41)

47
Q

Higher frequencies terminate anterolaterally
– Lower frequencies terminate posteromedially . true or false?

A

false oppostire.

48
Q

function of primary audiitory cortex?

A

auditory processing of
frequency, loudness and temporal info

49
Q
  • Wernicke’s area lodged in___
A

Auditory association area

50
Q

Heart of the Wernicke’s area?

A

Planum temporale

51
Q

◼ Larger on left than right in most people. true or false

A

true

52
Q

planum temporale associated with

A

◼ Relationship to language dominance

53
Q

Location and identification of relevant
auditory sounds uses two distinct parallel true or false??

A

true - where & what pathways

54
Q

what is the travel pathway of where and what?

A

Where: parietal-to-lateral pre-frontal
– What: anterior temporal to inferior frontal

55
Q

what protects the inner ear, or help the inner ear extract meaningful sound from the
noisy background

A
  • Middle ear muscles contract
    in response to loud sounds
56
Q

___ forms inhibitory synapse

A

olivocochlear neurons

57
Q

what are the roles of descending pathways?

A

Selective attention
◼ Protection from intense sound
◼ Adjust input to two ears to maintain equal
input

FINAL-BIOPSYCH (4 decks)

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