AUDITORY

Question 1

What is the location of middle ear ?

Answer 1

Air-filled cavity between the tympanic membrane
(ear drum) and the cochlea of the inner ear

Question 2

what is tympanic membrane also called?

Answer 2

Ear drum

Question 3

which ear has ossicles?

Answer 3

middle ear

Question 4

which ear has ossicles?

Answer 4

middle ear

Question 5

what are the 3 osscicles

Answer 5

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

what is the function of osscicles

Answer 6

mechanical lever system

Question 7

what strcuture plays a role in qualizing the air pressure of middle ear?

Answer 7

eustachian tube

Question 8

how does eustachian tube ventilate the ME

Answer 8

equalizing ME air
pressure with atmospheric pressure

Question 9

eustachian tube runs from___ to ___

Answer 9

middle ear to
nasopharynx,

Question 10

What are the parts of the inner ear

Answer 10

saccule, utricle, and semicircular
ducts and the cochlea

Question 11

how many semicircular ducts are there and what are they?

Answer 11

3 - Horizontal duct
– Posterior duct
– Anterior duct

Question 12

The inner ear has dual functions?

Answer 12

: audition and equilibrium.

Question 13

___ mediate equilibrium

Answer 13

Saccule, utricle, semicircular ducts

Question 14

Saccule (vertical) and utricle (horizontal) sense sense?

Answer 14

linear acceleration

Question 15

angular acceleration is mainted by ?

Answer 15

semicircular ducts

Question 16

_____ serves hearing

Answer 16

cochlea

Question 17

the outer wall of the inner ear is a

Answer 17

bony labryrinth

Question 18

what separates the membraneous labyrinth from the bony walls?

Answer 18

perilymph ( extracellular

Question 19

difference b/w membraneous labryntinth and

Question 20

while endolymph is___ fluid perilymph is ___

Answer 20

intracellular, extracelluar

Question 21

which fluid is extra-cellular

Answer 21

endolymph

Question 22

what is filled in the membranous
labyrinth?

Answer 22

Endolymph (intracellular)

Question 23

a conical shaped part of the inner ear that houses spiral ganglion?

Answer 23

cochlea

Question 24

cochlea turns ___ times around spiral ganglion

Answer 24

2.5

Question 25

which structure of the ear contains nerve fibres

Answer 25

cochlea

Question 26

name the three fluid-filled scalae in cochlea

Answer 26

scala vestibuli, scala tympani, cochlear duct,

Question 27

which of these are not part of cochlea? -* Basilar membrane, outer hair cells, scalae, ossicles

Answer 27

ossicles

Question 28

95% cochlear nerves innervate

Answer 28

inner hari cells

Question 29

while inner hair celss____ cells, outer hair cells are___

Answer 29

sensory and amplifiers

Question 30

outer hair cells funcrion?

Answer 30

hey amplify the vibration of the basilar membrane.

Question 31

true or false?* More inner hair cells than outer hair cells

Answer 31

false

Question 32

what are otoacoustic emissions?

Answer 32

emitted by the ear itself

Question 33

what is the decibel of otoacoustic emission

Answer 33

up to 20db

Question 34

production of otoacoustic emissions is now the basis of_____

Answer 34

roduction of otoacoustic emissions is now the basis of important audiological tests

Question 35

how are they otoacoustic generated

Answer 35

Outer hair cells enhance basilar membrane vibrations * The vibrations could travel backward through the perilymph and middle ear ossicles to vibrate the tympanic membrane slightly.

Question 36

Combined signals from both ears are analyzed for sound localization in the brainstem. true or false

Answer 36

true

Question 37

which part of the primary auditory cortex helps witH sound pattern analysis ?

Answer 37

heschls gyri

Question 38

where are auditory signals are analyzed and interpreted

Answer 38

WERNICKS AREA

Question 39

AUDITROY PATHWAY IS A BILATERAL PATHWAY TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 39

YES, COZ 2 EARS

Question 40

* The main bundle of auditory fibers in the brainstem

Answer 40

LATERAL LEMNISCUS

Question 41

First brainstem nucleus where information from both ears is received?

Answer 41

Superior Olivary Complex

Question 42

functions of Superior Olivary Complex

Answer 42

* Accounts for part of directional hearing capability,, Compare time of arrival and intensity information from both ears

Question 43

Inferior Colliculus Projections lcation and function?

Answer 43

important auditory relay nucleus for almost all lateral lemniscus fibers, * It is at the midbrain level

Question 44

there is no crossing over at Medial Geniculate Body. true or false

Answer 44

true

Question 45

MGB is important for ____

Answer 45

circuits that modulate and inhibit ascending auditory information

Question 46

Primary Auditory Cortex situated in?

Answer 46

transverse Heschl’s gyrus(bA 41)

Question 47

Higher frequencies terminate anterolaterally – Lower frequencies terminate posteromedially . true or false?

Answer 47

false oppostire.

Question 48

function of primary audiitory cortex?

Answer 48

auditory processing of frequency, loudness and temporal info

Question 49

* Wernicke’s area lodged in___

Answer 49

Auditory association area

Question 50

Heart of the Wernicke’s area?

Answer 50

Planum temporale

Question 51

◼ Larger on left than right in most people. true or false

Answer 51

true

Question 52

planum temporale associated with

Answer 52

◼ Relationship to language dominance

Question 53

Location and identification of relevant auditory sounds uses two distinct parallel true or false??

Answer 53

true - where & what pathways

Question 54

what is the travel pathway of where and what?

Answer 54

Where: parietal-to-lateral pre-frontal – What: anterior temporal to inferior frontal

Question 55

what protects the inner ear, or help the inner ear extract meaningful sound from the noisy background

Answer 55

* Middle ear muscles contract in response to loud sounds

Question 56

___ forms inhibitory synapse

Answer 56

olivocochlear neurons

Question 57

what are the roles of descending pathways?

Answer 57

Selective attention ◼ Protection from intense sound ◼ Adjust input to two ears to maintain equal input