Auditive Cognition 👂 Flashcards
What is perception ?
Dynamic and integrated process that combines information form senses organs with subjective experiences (past experience, memories, expectation, attention, motivation and context)
What is sound ?
change is air pressure
What moves first in the ear?
tympan –> tympanic membrane (also called ear drum)
What produces the mechanical transduction of sound
Mouvement of the ossicle (marteau, enclume et étriée)
What transmits the vibration to the inner ear
the ossicle (smallest bone)
The vibration of the ossicle will create what exactly
Mouvement of liquid in the cochlea (part of inner ear)
What is the name the inner membrane of the cochlea
Basilar membrane
Hair cell release what exactly
Neurotransmitter
The neurotransmitter produced by the hair cell activate what exactly
creates a signal to the auditive nerve
What is the tonotopy of the basilar membrane
Specific frequencies resonate at different locations along the basilar membrane
High frequency resonates where
At the base of the basilar membrane
Where do low frequencies resonate
At the apex of the basilar membrane
What is the tonotopy of the auditory cortex
Map of where different tones are processed in the primary auditory cortex
The activation of the tonotopic map depends on what?
- spectral content
- temporal features
- spatial location
Front of auditory cortex corresponds to which part of the cochlea
Apex of cochlea
Posterior of the auditory cortex corresponds to which part of the cochlea
Base of cochlea
Where do the auditory cortex projects (5 location)
- Broca’s area (temporal lobe, important for speech)
- Wernicke’s area (parietal + temporal lobe to understand speech)
- Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe, mouvement of mouth)
- frontal cortex (inhibition control)
- limbic system
What is frequency
Rate of vibration or changes in air pressure
What is the range of the human frequency
20-20, 000 Hz
What is amplitude or intensity
Magnitude of air pressure disturbance
What is a phase
Starting point of sound wave
Perceive loudness depends on what
Amplitude and frequency (measured in phon)
What is auditory scene analysis
The process by which we form mental representations of sound into auditory streams
How do we do auditory scene analysis (5 elements)
By
- the segmentation of sound into auditory streams
- grouping similar sound
- infer meaning to auditory
- association of sound
- sensory/brain brain process involved in forming mental representation of sound
What characterizes auditory stream
it is an independent “unit” of sound to which we assign meaning
on what school of thought are based the principles of sound segmentation resemble & principles of visual organization
Gestalt psychology
What is spectrogram
it is a representation of the spectral organization of sound, which is how sound is organization in time
What is the grouping and separation of a sequence of tones into 2 auditory streams based on separation in time
Auditory grouping
What is the impact of Gestalt principle of proximity for sound
The more separate the tones are, the easier it is to identify a melody from distractor tones
What is the concept representing a discontinuous soft sound is heard as continuous when covered up by a louder sound
Perceptual Completion
