Auditive Cognition 👂

Question 1

What is perception ?

Answer 1

Dynamic and integrated process that combines information form senses organs with subjective experiences (past experience, memories, expectation, attention, motivation and context)

Question 2

What is sound ?

Answer 2

change is air pressure

Question 3

What moves first in the ear?

Answer 3

tympan –> tympanic membrane (also called ear drum)

Question 4

What produces the mechanical transduction of sound

Answer 4

Mouvement of the ossicle (marteau, enclume et étriée)

Question 5

What transmits the vibration to the inner ear

Answer 5

the ossicle (smallest bone)

Question 6

The vibration of the ossicle will create what exactly

Answer 6

Mouvement of liquid in the cochlea (part of inner ear)

Question 7

What is the name the inner membrane of the cochlea

Answer 7

Basilar membrane

Question 8

Hair cell release what exactly

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter

Question 9

The neurotransmitter produced by the hair cell activate what exactly

Answer 9

creates a signal to the auditive nerve

Question 10

What is the tonotopy of the basilar membrane

Answer 10

Specific frequencies resonate at different locations along the basilar membrane

Question 11

High frequency resonates where

Answer 11

At the base of the basilar membrane

Question 12

Where do low frequencies resonate

Answer 12

At the apex of the basilar membrane

Question 13

What is the tonotopy of the auditory cortex

Answer 13

Map of where different tones are processed in the primary auditory cortex

Question 14

The activation of the tonotopic map depends on what?

Answer 14

• spectral content
• temporal features
• spatial location

Question 15

Front of auditory cortex corresponds to which part of the cochlea

Answer 15

Apex of cochlea

Question 16

Posterior of the auditory cortex corresponds to which part of the cochlea

Answer 16

Base of cochlea

Question 17

Where do the auditory cortex projects (5 location)

Answer 17

• Broca’s area (temporal lobe, important for speech)
• Wernicke’s area (parietal + temporal lobe to understand speech)
• Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe, mouvement of mouth)
• frontal cortex (inhibition control)
• limbic system

Question 18

What is frequency

Answer 18

Rate of vibration or changes in air pressure

Question 19

What is the range of the human frequency

Answer 19

20-20, 000 Hz

Question 20

What is amplitude or intensity

Answer 20

Magnitude of air pressure disturbance

Question 21

What is a phase

Answer 21

Starting point of sound wave

Question 22

Perceive loudness depends on what

Answer 22

Amplitude and frequency (measured in phon)

Question 23

What is auditory scene analysis

Answer 23

The process by which we form mental representations of sound into auditory streams

Question 24

How do we do auditory scene analysis (5 elements)

Answer 24

By

• the segmentation of sound into auditory streams
• grouping similar sound
• infer meaning to auditory
• association of sound
• sensory/brain brain process involved in forming mental representation of sound

Question 25

What characterizes auditory stream

Answer 25

it is an independent “unit” of sound to which we assign meaning

Question 26

on what school of thought are based the principles of sound segmentation resemble & principles of visual organization

Answer 26

Gestalt psychology

Question 27

What is spectrogram

Answer 27

it is a representation of the spectral organization of sound, which is how sound is organization in time

Question 28

What is the grouping and separation of a sequence of tones into 2 auditory streams based on separation in time

Answer 28

Auditory grouping

Question 29

What is the impact of Gestalt principle of proximity for sound

Answer 29

The more separate the tones are, the easier it is to identify a melody from distractor tones

Question 30

What is the concept representing a discontinuous soft sound is heard as continuous when covered up by a louder sound

Answer 30

Perceptual Completion