Audition, Olfaction, and other senses Flashcards
Structures of the ear
- Pinna
- Auditory canal
- Tympanic membrane
- Ossicals: hammer, anvil, stirrup
- Cochlea
Hair Cells
changes soundwaves to an electrochemical pulse; neuron to neuron
Frequency
pitch (measured in Hertz)
Amplitude
loudness (measured in Decibels)
Complexity
timbre (quality)
Interaural Time Difference
the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears
Interaural Intensity Difference
the difference in loudness and frequency distribution between the two ears
Place Theory
our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane
Frequency Theory
based on wavelength; brain recognizes frequency
Taste Cells are_______ located in _________ clusters
chemical- sensitive receptors; taste bud
For a stimulus to be tasted, it must be _________
dissolved
Receptors are sensitive to five basic taste qualities:
- sweetness
- saltiness
- sourness
- bitterness
- umami: savory
Other influences on taste:
- smell
- touch
- temperature
Receptors for smell are located on on the __________
olfactory epithelium (thin membrane found in the upper nasal cavity)
Olfactory cells in the olfactory membrane are stimulated by gases dissolved in the fluid covering the membrane
.
Pheromones
same species odor, used as a form of chemical communication
Basic skin sensations:
cold, warm, pressure, pain
Physiological Zero
the temperature at which an object touching the skin feels neither warm nor cold
Kinesthesis
communicates info about movement and location of body parts. receptors are found in joints and ligaments
Vestibular Sense
(aka equilibrium) receptors in semicircular canals an inner ear (vestibular sacs) movement & balance
